Bolognesi Claudia, Fenech Michael
Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA, Australia.
Methods Mol Biol. 2019;2031:147-163. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9646-9_8.
The micronucleus (MN) assay, applied in different surrogate tissues, is one of the best validated cytogenetic techniques for evaluating chromosomal damage in humans. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes (L-CBMNcyt) is the most frequently used method in biomonitoring human populations to evaluate DNA damage caused by exposure to genotoxic agents, micronutrient deficiency or excess and genetic instability. Furthermore, recent scientific evidence suggests an association between an increased MN frequency in lymphocytes and risk of cancer and other age-related degenerative diseases. The micronucleus cytome assay applied in buccal exfoliated cells (BMNCyt), provides a complementary method for measuring DNA damage and cytotoxic effects in an easily accessible tissue not requiring ex vivo/in vitro culture. The protocol for L-CBMNcyt described here, refers to the use of ex vivo whole blood method, involving 72 h of culture with the block of cytokinesis starting at 44 h. BMNCyt protocol reports the established method for sample collection, processing, slide preparation and scoring.
微核（MN）试验应用于不同的替代组织，是评估人类染色体损伤最有效的细胞遗传学技术之一。外周血淋巴细胞中的胞质分裂阻滞微核细胞试验（L-CBMNcyt）是生物监测人群中评估因接触遗传毒性剂、微量营养素缺乏或过量以及遗传不稳定性所导致的DNA损伤时最常用的方法。此外，最近的科学证据表明淋巴细胞中微核频率增加与癌症及其他与年龄相关的退行性疾病风险之间存在关联。应用于颊部脱落细胞的微核细胞试验（BMNCyt），为在易于获取的组织中测量DNA损伤和细胞毒性作用提供了一种补充方法，该方法无需进行体外/离体培养。此处描述的L-CBMNcyt方案，指的是使用体外全血法，包括72小时培养，胞质分裂阻滞从44小时开始。BMNCyt方案报告了样本采集、处理、玻片制备和评分的既定方法。
