Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology.
Ophthalmology. 2019 Dec;126(12):1617-1626. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.06.025. Epub 2019 Jun 29.
To determine the trends in prevalence of myopia in Israeli young adults over approximately a generation, as well as associated factors and variation in the impact of these factors on myopia prevalence in this region over time.
Retrospective, cross-sectional study.
One hundred four thousand six hundred eighty-nine consecutive persons 16 to 19 years of age born between 1971 and 1994 who had not yet enlisted in the Israeli Army but had completed the medical profiling process.
Using data collected at a north Israel recruitment center, the prevalence of myopia over time was estimated, and a polynomial regression analysis was performed to assess significance of nonlinear trends. Associations of demographic and socioeconomic factors with myopia were assessed, and trends over time were analyzed using a factorial logistic regression.
The primary outcome measure was factors associated with the prevalence of myopia over time. The secondary outcome measure was a description of the change in prevalence of myopia over time.
The prevalence of myopia increased 1.284-fold over 24 years from 20.4% among participants born between 1971 and 1982 to 26.2% among participants born between 1983 and 1994. A quite similar increase was observed among males (from 17.9% to 22.7%, respectively) and females (from 23.9% to 30.8%, respectively). The factors found to be associated with myopia were as follows: more recent date of birth, female gender, more years of education, being the eldest child, non-Israeli ethnic origin, and urban residence. However, there were significant trends over time in the effects of some of these factors, most notably an attenuation of the difference between participants of different religions in the recent birth-years period. Most of these associations and trends were observed in both males and females separately, with some gender-specific variations. Immigrants from Ethiopia who were raised in Israel were highly more likely to demonstrate myopia than those who arrived at an older age.
This study demonstrated an increase in the prevalence of myopia and the possible associations of urbanization- and higher education-related factors among several subpopulations and the risk for myopia developing.
确定在大约一代人的时间里，以色列年轻成年人近视患病率的趋势，以及相关因素的变化，以及这些因素对该地区近视患病率随时间变化的影响。
回顾性、横断面研究。
104689 名连续的 16 至 19 岁的人，他们出生于 1971 年至 1994 年之间，尚未服兵役，但已经完成了医疗档案建立过程。
利用在以色列北部一个征兵中心收集的数据，估计近视的时间趋势，并进行多项式回归分析以评估非线性趋势的显著性。评估人口统计学和社会经济因素与近视的关联，并使用因子逻辑回归分析随时间的趋势。
主要观察指标是与时间相关的近视患病率相关的因素。次要观察指标是描述近视患病率随时间的变化。
24 年来，近视的患病率增加了 1.284 倍，从 1971 年至 1982 年出生的参与者的 20.4%增加到 1983 年至 1994 年出生的参与者的 26.2%。男性（分别从 17.9%增加到 22.7%）和女性（分别从 23.9%增加到 30.8%）也观察到了类似的增长。发现与近视相关的因素如下：出生日期较近、女性、受教育年限较长、是长子/长女、非以色列民族血统和城市居住。然而，这些因素的影响在时间上存在显著的趋势，最显著的是在最近出生年份期间不同宗教参与者之间的差异减弱。这些关联和趋势大多在男性和女性中分别观察到，存在一些性别特异性差异。在以色列长大的埃塞俄比亚移民比那些年龄较大到达的移民更有可能表现出近视。
本研究表明，近视患病率增加，以及城市化和与更高教育相关的因素在几个亚人群中的可能关联，以及近视发展的风险。
