Diress Mengistie, Getnet Mihret, Akalu Yonas, Dagnew Baye, Belsti Yitayeh, Gela Yibeltal Yismaw, Chilot Dagmawi, Belay Daniel Gashaneh, Bitew Desalegn Anmut, Terefe Bewuketu, Getahun Amare Belete
Department of Human Physiology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Front Glob Womens Health. 2023 Jan 16;3:1078557. doi: 10.3389/fgwh.2022.1078557. eCollection 2022.
Myopia is the most common form of uncorrected refractive error with a growing burden worldwide. It is the principal complaint of most women during pregnancy. Although myopia has led to several consequences across the standard life of pregnant women, there is no previous study in Ethiopia regarding this topic. Thus, this study determined the prevalence of myopia and identifies its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care units at governmental health institutions in Gondar City District, Northwest Ethiopia.
An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from 08 February to 08 April 2021. From the selected health centres, study participants were recruited by systematic random sampling technique. A pre-tested, structured-interviewer-administered questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic variables, obstetric and clinical-related variables was used to collect the required data. Non-cycloplegic refraction was performed using trial lenses, trial frames, and retinoscopy in a semi-dark examination room. EpiData 3 and STATA 14 were used for data entry and statistical analysis respectively. Both bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were executed to identify associated factors of myopia. Variables with a -value ≤0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression analysis were declared as statistically significant with myopia. Model fitness was checked by Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness of test (at > 0.05).
A total of four-hundred and twenty-three pregnant women participated with a 100% response rate in this study. The overall prevalence of myopia among pregnant women was 26.48% (95% CI: 22.48-30.91). Eighty-Eight (20.81%) and Eighty-Four (19.85%) of the study participants had myopia in their right and left eyes respectively. The prevalence of myopia was significantly associated with age (AOR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.09-1.28), the third trimester of gestation (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.08-3.90), multi & grand multipara (AOR = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.59-6.25), and history of contraceptive use (AOR = 3.30; 95% CI: 1. 50-7.28).
The finding of our study shows that there is a higher prevalence of myopia among pregnant women in our study area. Further prospective analytical studies regarding visual systems among pregnant women, particularly as a result of pregnancy, are strongly recommended.
近视是未矫正屈光不正最常见的形式，在全球范围内其负担日益加重。它是大多数孕妇的主要诉求。尽管近视在孕妇的整个孕期会引发多种后果，但埃塞俄比亚此前尚无关于该主题的研究。因此，本研究确定了埃塞俄比亚西北部贡德尔市辖区政府卫生机构产前护理单位孕妇的近视患病率，并确定其相关因素。
于2021年2月8日至4月8日进行了一项基于机构的横断面研究设计。从选定的健康中心，通过系统随机抽样技术招募研究参与者。使用一份经过预测试、由访谈员填写的结构化问卷收集所需数据，问卷包括社会人口统计学变量、产科和临床相关变量。在半暗的检查室中，使用试验镜片、试验框架和检眼镜进行非散瞳验光。分别使用EpiData 3和STATA 14进行数据录入和统计分析。进行双变量和多变量二元逻辑回归分析以确定近视的相关因素。多变量逻辑回归分析中P值≤0.05的变量被宣布为与近视有统计学显著关联。通过Hosmer和Lemeshow检验（P>0.05）检查模型拟合度。
本研究共有423名孕妇参与，应答率为100%。孕妇近视的总体患病率为26.48%（95%置信区间：22.48 - 30.91）。88名（20.81%）和84名（19.85%）研究参与者分别右眼和左眼患有近视。近视患病率与年龄（调整后比值比[AOR]=1.17；95%置信区间：1.09 - 1.28）、妊娠晚期（AOR = 2.05，95%置信区间：1.08 - 3.90）、多产妇和经产妇（AOR = 3.15；95%置信区间：1.59 - 6.25）以及避孕使用史（AOR = 3.30；95%置信区间：1.50 - 7.28）显著相关。
我们的研究结果表明，我们研究区域的孕妇近视患病率较高。强烈建议进一步开展关于孕妇视觉系统的前瞻性分析研究，尤其是关于妊娠导致的视觉系统变化的研究。
