Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, and National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
Animal. 2019 Dec;13(12):3031-3040. doi: 10.1017/S1751731119001903. Epub 2019 Sep 2.
On many Australian commercial pig farms, groups of growing pigs are mass-medicated through their drinking water with selected antimicrobials for short periods to manage herd health. However, delivery of medication in drinking water cannot be assumed to deliver an equal dose to all animals in a group. There is substantial between-animal variability in systemic exposure to an antimicrobial (i.e. the antimicrobial concentration in plasma), resulting in under-dosing or over-dosing of many pigs. Three sources of this between-animal variability during a water medication dosing event are differences in: (1) concentration of the active constituent of the antimicrobial product in water available to pigs at drinking appliances in each pen over time, (2) medicated water consumption patterns of pigs in each pen over time, and (3) pharmacokinetics (i.e. oral bioavailability, volume of distribution and clearance between pigs and within pigs over time). It is essential that factors operating on each farm that influence the range of systemic exposures of pigs to an antimicrobial are factored into antimicrobial administration regimens to reduce under-dosing and over-dosing.
在许多澳大利亚商业养猪场，成群的生长猪通过饮用水被集体短期投喂选定的抗生素，以管理畜群健康。然而，不能假设通过饮用水给药能使群体中的所有动物获得等量的药物。动物个体间对抗生素（即血浆中的抗生素浓度）的系统暴露存在很大差异，导致许多猪的用药不足或过量。在水药投药事件中，这种动物个体间的变异性有三个来源：（1）在每个围栏的饮水器中，猪在一段时间内可获得的抗生素产品有效成分的浓度，（2）每个围栏中的猪在一段时间内的饮水用药模式，以及（3）药代动力学（即猪和猪个体之间的口服生物利用度、分布容积和清除率）。至关重要的是，影响猪对抗生素系统暴露范围的每个农场的因素都要纳入抗生素管理方案中，以减少用药不足和过量。
