Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, SVA, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
Prev Vet Med. 2016 Aug 1;130:41-50. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.06.003. Epub 2016 Jun 2.
Data on sales of antimicrobials using a standardised methodology have shown that there are vast differences between countries in amounts of antimicrobials sold for food-producing animals, but these data do not provide insight on how sales are distributed by species and age groups. The aim of this study was to compare herd level antimicrobial usage for pigs by age category, antimicrobial class and administration route for farrow-to-finish herds in four EU countries. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 227 farrow-to-finish pig herds with at least 100 sows and 500 finishing pigs in Belgium (n=47), France (n=60), Germany (n=60) and Sweden (n=60). Detailed information about the antimicrobial consumption for breeding and growing pigs was collected. Antimicrobial usage was quantified as active substance expressed as mg and then converted to treatment incidence (TI) based on Defined Daily Doses Animal per 1000 pig-days at risk. TIs varied between and within countries, herds and age groups. The Swedish herds had the lowest and the German herds the highest overall use. Most treatments were applied to weaned piglets except in the Swedish herds where treatments of suckling piglets were most frequent. Antimicrobials were most often applied through feed or water except in the Swedish herds where parenteral treatments were most frequent. Aminopenicillins was the antimicrobial class most commonly used. Use of third and fourth generation cephalosporins constituted 11% of use for the Belgian herds, which was higher compared to the other countries. There was a significant (p<0.01) association between the within-herd antimicrobial use across different age categories. This study has shown that there were large differences in antimicrobial use for pigs between countries, herds and age groups in farrow-to-finish herds of similar size when actual consumption data were compared. Collecting detailed usage data can be used to efficiently target high users in order to reduce antimicrobial consumption.
使用标准化方法获得的关于抗菌药物销售的数据表明，各国用于生产动物的抗菌药物销售量存在巨大差异，但这些数据并不能说明销售情况如何按物种和年龄组分布。本研究旨在比较四个欧盟国家中育肥至出栏的猪群中按年龄分类、抗菌药物类别和给药途径的畜群抗菌药物使用情况。在比利时（n=47）、法国（n=60）、德国（n=60）和瑞典（n=60），对至少有 100 头母猪和 500 头育肥猪的 227 个育肥至出栏猪群进行了横断面研究。收集了有关繁殖和生长猪抗菌药物消耗的详细信息。抗菌药物使用量用活性物质表示，然后转换为基于每 1000 头猪日风险的定义日剂量动物的治疗发生率（TI）。TI 各国之间、畜群之间和年龄组之间存在差异。瑞典畜群的总体使用量最低，德国畜群的总体使用量最高。除瑞典畜群外，大多数治疗都应用于断奶仔猪，而在瑞典畜群中，哺乳仔猪的治疗最为常见。除瑞典畜群外，大多数抗菌药物都是通过饲料或水给药，而在瑞典畜群中，最常见的是注射治疗。青霉素类是最常用的抗菌药物类别。第三代和第四代头孢菌素的使用占比比利时畜群的 11%，高于其他国家。不同年龄组之间的畜群内抗菌药物使用存在显著（p<0.01）关联。本研究表明，当比较实际消耗数据时，在规模相似的育肥至出栏猪群中，国家、畜群和年龄组之间的猪抗菌药物使用存在很大差异。收集详细的使用数据可用于有效地针对高用量者，以减少抗菌药物的使用。
