Kivelä A, Kauppila A, Ylöstalo P, Vakkuri O, Leppäluoto J
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oulu, Finland.
Acta Physiol Scand. 1988 Mar;132(3):321-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1988.tb08335.x.
In order to evaluate the role of the pineal gland in human reproduction, day- and night-time concentrations of serum melatonin, FSH, LH and prolactin were measured by radioimmunoassays on various days of the menstrual cycle during summer (average daylight 22 h) and winter (daylight 5 h) in healthy females (n = 12) from northern Finland (65 degrees N). A multifactorial analysis of variance showed that, in addition to the well-established increases of gonadotropins at midcycle and melatonin and prolactin at night, there was a significant effect of season on the serum levels of melatonin and LH. Night-time serum melatonin levels on cycle days 2 and 10 were 27% and 49% (P less than 0.05 and less than 0.01) higher in winter than in summer. Night-time serum LH levels at midcycle were 76% (P less than 0.05) higher in summer than in winter. There were no significant effects of season on the serum levels of FSH, prolactin, day-time melatonin or LH outside the mid-cycle. Neither were there any significant effects of the day of the menstrual cycle on the serum melatonin levels. It is possible that in winter the high levels of melatonin in the follicular phase have an inhibitory effect on the serum LH levels. In summer the melatonin levels are lower and perhaps less inhibitory on the secretion of LH, resulting in the stimulation of the reproductive competence in human females.
为了评估松果体在人类生殖中的作用，在夏季（平均日照22小时）和冬季（日照5小时），对来自芬兰北部（北纬65度）的12名健康女性在月经周期的不同日子，通过放射免疫分析法测定血清褪黑素、促卵泡激素（FSH）、促黄体生成素（LH）和催乳素在白天和夜间的浓度。多因素方差分析表明，除了在月经周期中期促性腺激素以及夜间褪黑素和催乳素水平的升高已得到充分证实外，季节对血清褪黑素和LH水平有显著影响。在月经周期第2天和第10天的夜间血清褪黑素水平，冬季比夏季分别高27%和49%（P<0.05和<0.01）。月经周期中期的夜间血清LH水平，夏季比冬季高76%（P<0.05）。季节对血清FSH、催乳素、白天的褪黑素或月经周期中期以外的LH水平没有显著影响。月经周期的日子对血清褪黑素水平也没有显著影响。有可能在冬季，卵泡期高水平的褪黑素对血清LH水平有抑制作用。在夏季，褪黑素水平较低，可能对LH分泌的抑制作用较小，从而刺激人类女性的生殖能力。
