König W, Schönfeld W, Knöller J, Köller M
Med. Mikrobiologie und Immunologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Federal Republic of Germany.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 1988 Sep-Oct;16(5):289-98.
Among the lipid mediators, leukotrienes and the platelet activating factor (PAF) have been attributed various roles in the immunopathology of allergic diseases. PAF has been shown to be a chemotactic factor for eosinophils, which conversely release leukotriene C4 on activation. PAF also may induce airway hyperreactivity. Leukotrienes (LTB4) are also powerful chemotactic factors and predominantly attract neutrophils, which stimulates dependent release lipid mediators (hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids--HETES, leukotrienes, PAF) and thus amplify the inflammatory process. Leukotrienes (LTC4, D4, E4) induce bronchoconstriction, and mucus production. Lipid mediators are released by immunological as well as nonimmunological processes, e.g. by inflammatory stimuli. While analytical methods for leukotriene determinations have been established, the analysis of PAF is mainly carried out by biological studies. Further investigations with antagonists may be helpful to clarify the role of the lipid mediators during allergic and inflammatory processes.
在脂质介质中，白三烯和血小板活化因子（PAF）在过敏性疾病的免疫病理学中具有多种作用。PAF已被证明是嗜酸性粒细胞的趋化因子，相反，嗜酸性粒细胞在激活时会释放白三烯C4。PAF还可能诱导气道高反应性。白三烯（LTB4）也是强大的趋化因子，主要吸引中性粒细胞，中性粒细胞刺激依赖性释放脂质介质（羟基二十碳四烯酸——HETES、白三烯、PAF），从而放大炎症过程。白三烯（LTC4、D4、E4）可诱导支气管收缩和黏液分泌。脂质介质通过免疫和非免疫过程释放，例如通过炎症刺激。虽然已经建立了白三烯测定的分析方法，但PAF的分析主要通过生物学研究进行。使用拮抗剂的进一步研究可能有助于阐明脂质介质在过敏和炎症过程中的作用。
