Dain Stephen J, Atchison David A, Hovis Jeffery K
School of Optometry and Vision Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.
School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Optom Vis Sci. 2019 Sep;96(9):695-705. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001420.
Clinicians who administer the Farnsworth-Munsell D-15 test need to pay attention to the quality and quantity of lighting and the time that they allow for completion of the test, and all repeat attempts need to be included in reports on compliance with color vision standards.
The validity of the Farnsworth-Munsell D-15 has been questioned because practice may allow significantly color vision-deficient subjects to pass. In this article, we review the influence of practice and other factors that may affect the performance. These relate to both the design and the administration of the test.
We review the literature and present some calculations on limitations in the colorimetric design of the test, quantity and quality of lighting, time taken, and repeat attempts.
In addition to the review of the literature, color differences and luminance differences under selected sources are calculated, and the increases in luminance clues under some sources and for protanopes are illustrated.
All these factors affect the outcome of the test and need specification and implementation if the test is to be applied consistently and equitably. We recommend the following: practitioners should never rely on a single color vision test regardless of the color vision standard; lighting should be Tcp '' 6500 K and Ra > 90; illuminance levels should be between 200 and 300 lux if detection of color vision deficiency is a priority or between 300 and 1000 lux if the need is to test at the level where illuminance has minimal influence on performance; illuminance should be reported; time limits should be set between 1 and 2 minutes; repeat testing (beyond the specified test and one retest) should be carried out only with authorization; and initial and repeated results should be reported. A set of test instructions to assist in the consistent application of the test is provided in the Appendix.
进行 Farnsworth-Munsell D-15 测试的临床医生需要注意照明的质量和数量以及完成测试所允许的时间，并且所有重复测试都应包含在色觉标准合规报告中。
Farnsworth-Munsell D-15 测试的有效性受到质疑，因为练习可能会使明显存在色觉缺陷的受试者通过测试。在本文中，我们回顾了练习及其他可能影响测试表现的因素。这些因素与测试的设计和实施均有关。
我们回顾了相关文献，并针对测试比色设计的局限性、照明的数量和质量、所用时间以及重复测试进行了一些计算。
除了文献回顾外，还计算了选定光源下的颜色差异和亮度差异，并说明了某些光源下以及红色盲患者的亮度线索增加情况。
所有这些因素都会影响测试结果，如果要始终如一地、公平地应用该测试，就需要明确规定并加以实施。我们建议如下：无论色觉标准如何，从业者都不应仅依赖单一的色觉测试；照明应为色温 6500K 且显色指数 Ra>90 的光源；如果优先考虑检测色觉缺陷，照度水平应在 200 至 300 勒克斯之间；如果需要在照度对表现影响最小的水平进行测试，则照度应在 300 至 1000 勒克斯之间；应报告照度；时间限制应设定在 1 至 2 分钟之间；仅在获得授权的情况下才可进行重复测试（超出指定测试和一次重新测试）；应报告初始结果和重复测试结果。附录中提供了一组有助于一致应用该测试的测试说明。
