University Clinic for Psychiatry, Medical University, Graz, Austria.
CIAR: Center of Integrative Addiction Research, Grüner Kreis Society, Vienna, Austria.
Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2020 Feb;50(1):220-232. doi: 10.1111/sltb.12579. Epub 2019 Sep 3.
The aim of this multicenter study was to investigate the differences in personality traits, particularly Neuroticism, in three clinical samples and three student samples in Austria and Italy and their impact on suicide.
In total, 1,043 people (410 psychiatric inpatients and 633 university students) were tested in three regions of Europe: central Italy, northeast Italy, and eastern Austria. Psychiatric diagnoses were evaluated using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and the following instruments were used: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale-B, Symptom-Checklist-90-Standard, and Big Five Inventory.
The study found that the intensity of Suicidal Ideation was associated with the personality traits of Neuroticism, Anxiety, and Extraversion but also with Depression.
In conclusion, without the presence of Depression symptoms, neuroticism was a protective factor against Suicidal Ideation, whereas neuroticism when comorbid with Depression symptoms increased suicide risk in psychiatric patients. In all three regions, the clinical samples had higher scores for Neuroticism and for Depression symptoms than the student sample and consequently higher scores for Suicide. Furthermore, we demonstrated an interaction between gender and culture on personality traits, supporting the hypothesis that the distribution of self-reported personality traits is organized geographically.
本多中心研究旨在探讨奥地利和意大利三个临床样本和三个学生样本在人格特质（尤其是神经质）方面的差异及其对自杀的影响。
共有 1043 人（410 名精神科住院患者和 633 名大学生）在欧洲三个地区进行了测试：意大利中部、意大利东北部和奥地利东部。使用 Mini-国际神经精神访谈对精神科诊断进行评估，同时使用以下工具：社会人口学问卷、哥伦比亚自杀严重程度评定量表-B、症状清单-90 标准版和大五人格量表。
研究发现，自杀意念的强度与神经质、焦虑和外向等人格特质以及抑郁有关。
总之，在没有抑郁症状的情况下，神经质是自杀意念的保护因素，而神经质与抑郁症状共病时会增加精神科患者的自杀风险。在所有三个地区，临床样本的神经质和抑郁症状得分均高于学生样本，因此自杀得分也更高。此外，我们还证明了人格特质在性别和文化之间存在交互作用，支持了人格特质的自我报告分布是有组织的地理分布的假设。
