Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Front Immunol. 2019 Aug 20;10:1975. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01975. eCollection 2019.
The retina is a complex tissue with multiple cell layers that are highly ordered. Its sophisticated structure makes it especially sensitive to external or internal perturbations that exceed the homeostatic range. This necessitates the continuous surveillance of the retina for the detection of noxious stimuli. This task is mainly performed by microglia cells, the resident tissue macrophages which confer neuroprotection against transient pathophysiological insults. However, under sustained pathological stimuli, microglial inflammatory responses become dysregulated, often worsening disease pathology. In this review, we provide an overview of recent studies that depict microglial responses in diverse retinal pathologies that have degeneration and chronic immune reactions as key pathophysiological components. We also discuss innovative immunomodulatory therapy strategies that dampen the detrimental immunological responses to improve disease outcome.
视网膜是一种具有多层次细胞的复杂组织，其结构高度有序。它的精细结构使其对外界或内部超过生理范围的干扰特别敏感。这就需要对视网膜进行持续监测，以检测有害刺激。这项任务主要由小胶质细胞完成，小胶质细胞是驻留组织巨噬细胞，可提供神经保护，防止短暂的病理生理损伤。然而，在持续的病理刺激下，小胶质细胞的炎症反应会失调，通常会使疾病恶化。在这篇综述中，我们概述了最近的研究，这些研究描述了具有退行性和慢性免疫反应作为关键病理生理成分的多种视网膜病变中小胶质细胞的反应。我们还讨论了抑制有害免疫反应以改善疾病预后的创新免疫调节治疗策略。
