Department of Health Studies, University of Rhode Island, 25 West Independence Way, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, 25 West Independence Way, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
Qual Life Res. 2019 Dec;28(12):3249-3257. doi: 10.1007/s11136-019-02280-z. Epub 2019 Sep 3.
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important indicator of population health, yet no age-specific trend analyses in HRQoL have been conducted with a nationally representative sample since 2004. Therefore, to address this gap, an age-specific trend analysis of HRQoL was conducted using National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) data.
NHANES 2001-2016 data (8 cycles) were examined to evaluate trends in HRQoL by age group (young adults: 21-39, middle-aged: 40-64, older adults: 65+). HRQoL was assessed by self-reported health (SRH) and number of physically unhealthy, mentally unhealthy, and inactive days to due to physical or mental health in the past 30 days. Multiple linear or logistic regression analyses explored trends in HRQoL by age group, adjusting for demographics over time.
Analysis revealed increasing fair/poor SRH over time for the entire sample (β = 0.34, 95% CI 0.08, 0.60, p = 0.011). However, age-specific analysis identified a bi-annual increase in fair/poor SRH only among young adults (β = 0.49, 95% CI 0.22, 0.76, p < 0.001) and a decrease among older adults (β = - 0.60, 95% CI - 1.14, - 0.06, p = 0.03). Closer inspection revealed increasing fair/poor SRH increased among young women (β = 0.52, 95% CI 0.11, 0.93, p = 0.013) and young men (β = 0.46, 95% CI 0.04, 0.88, p = 0.03) but decreased among older women (β = - 0.81, 95% CI - 1.59, - 0.03, p = 0.042) over time. Analyses also determined that there was a trend for a decreasing number of physically unhealthy days among young adults (p < 0.001), although no trends were observed for the other HRQoL items.
Although there was a significant trend over time for increasing fair/poor SRH when considering the entire sample, this trend was not consistent between age groups or sexes. Given increasing fair/poor SRH among young adults, there is a need to understand and address factors relating to HRQoL among this age group.
健康相关生活质量（HRQoL）是衡量人口健康的一个重要指标，但自 2004 年以来，还没有使用具有全国代表性样本的特定年龄趋势分析来评估 HRQoL。因此，为了解决这一差距，本研究使用国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）数据对 HRQoL 进行了特定年龄趋势分析。
本研究对 2001-2016 年的 8 个周期 NHANES 数据进行了分析，以评估不同年龄组（青年：21-39 岁，中年：40-64 岁，老年：65 岁及以上）的 HRQoL 趋势。通过自我报告的健康状况（SRH）和过去 30 天内因身体或精神健康而导致的身体不健康、精神不健康和不活跃天数来评估 HRQoL。多线性或逻辑回归分析通过年龄组调整随时间变化的人口统计学因素，探讨了 HRQoL 的趋势。
分析显示，整个样本的 SRH 从良好/非常好到差/极差的比例呈上升趋势（β=0.34，95%置信区间 0.08，0.60，p=0.011）。然而，特定年龄组分析表明，仅在青年中，SRH 从良好/非常好到差/极差的比例呈双年度上升（β=0.49，95%置信区间 0.22，0.76，p<0.001），而在老年中则呈下降趋势（β=−0.60，95%置信区间−1.14，−0.06，p=0.03）。进一步研究发现，在青年女性（β=0.52，95%置信区间 0.11，0.93，p=0.013）和青年男性（β=0.46，95%置信区间 0.04，0.88，p=0.03）中，SRH 从良好/非常好到差/极差的比例呈上升趋势，但在老年女性中呈下降趋势（β=−0.81，95%置信区间−1.59，−0.03，p=0.042）。分析还表明，青年成年人身体不健康天数呈减少趋势（p<0.001），尽管其他 HRQoL 指标没有趋势。
尽管考虑到整个样本，SRH 从良好/非常好到差/极差的比例呈显著的时间趋势，但这种趋势在年龄组或性别之间并不一致。鉴于青年成年人的 SRH 从良好/非常好到差/极差的比例呈上升趋势，需要了解和解决这一年龄组与 HRQoL 相关的因素。
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