Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, P.O. Box 63517-73637, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran.
Department of Animal Science, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
Br J Nutr. 2019 Dec 28;122(12):1346-1358. doi: 10.1017/S0007114519002174.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing essential fatty acids (FA), during late gestation and the preweaning and early weaning periods on passive immunity, growth, health, rumen fermentation parameters, blood metabolites and behaviour of dairy calves. During the last 3 weeks of pregnancy, cattle (n 120), within parity, were randomly assigned to one of three diets with different fat supplements: (a) no supplemental fat (CON), (b) supplement rich in linoleic acid (CSO), or (c) supplement rich in EPA and DHA (CFO). Eighty-four newborn Holstein calves were randomly assigned, within the prepartum diets, to one of two calf starters: no fat supplement (FC-0) or 2 % Ca-salt of unsaturated FA (FC-2). Overall, the interaction between dam diets and calf starters did not affect calf performance or any other parameter measured. Calves born from dams fed fat (CSO or CFO) performed better than calves born from dams fed CON. Namely, calves born from dams fed fat had greater plasma concentrations of IgG (P < 0·01), better apparent efficiency of IgG absorption (P < 0·01) and average daily gain (ADG, 597 v. 558 g/d; P = 0·02), and lower rectal temperature (RT; P < 0·01). Calves fed a calf starter rich in unsaturated FA (FC-2) had greater (P ≤ 0·01) ADG, skeletal growth, feed efficiency, and weaning weight compared with FC-0-fed calves. Furthermore, calves fed FC-2 had lower RT during the pre- and post-weaning periods (P ≤ 0·04) and fewer days with diarrhoea (P < 0·001) compared with calves fed CF-0. Time spent eating, ruminating, standing, lying, and on non-nutritive oral behaviour did not differ by treatment. Similarly, treatments did not affect ruminal fermentation parameters. At 28 and 77 d of age, calves fed CF-2 had higher plasma concentrations of albumin and cholesterol (P ≤ 0·02) and lower urea N compared with calves fed CF-0. Plasma concentrations of alkaline phosphatase were higher in calves fed CF-2 compared with those fed CF-0, when they were 77 d old. These findings support feeding moderate amounts of long-chain PUFA during late uterine life or during the preweaning period have beneficial effects on calf metabolism, growth, and health performance.
本研究的目的是评估在妊娠后期、哺乳期和断奶早期补充必需脂肪酸（FA）对被动免疫、生长、健康、瘤胃发酵参数、血液代谢物和奶牛犊牛行为的影响。在怀孕的最后 3 周内，将处于同一胎次的牛（n=120）随机分配到三种不同脂肪补充饲料中：（a）无脂肪补充（CON），（b）富含亚油酸（CSO），或（c）富含 EPA 和 DHA（CFO）。84 头新生荷斯坦奶牛在产前饮食中随机分为两组：无脂肪补充（FC-0）或 2%钙盐不饱和 FA（FC-2）。总体而言，母羊饲料与犊牛饲料的相互作用并未影响犊牛的性能或任何其他测量参数。饲喂脂肪（CSO 或 CFO）的母羊所产的犊牛比饲喂 CON 的母羊所产的犊牛表现更好。具体来说，饲喂脂肪的母羊所产的犊牛具有更高的血浆 IgG 浓度（P＜0.01）、更好的 IgG 吸收表观效率（P＜0.01）和平均日增重（ADG，597 比 558 g/d；P=0.02），以及更低的直肠温度（RT；P＜0.01）。饲喂富含不饱和 FA（FC-2）的犊牛饲料具有更高的（P≤0.01）ADG、骨骼生长、饲料效率和断奶体重，与 FC-0 相比。此外，与 FC-0 相比，FC-2 组的犊牛在断奶前后（P≤0.04）的 RT 更低，腹泻天数更少（P＜0.001）。在采食、反刍、站立、卧躺和非营养性口腔行为方面，不同处理之间没有差异。同样，处理对瘤胃发酵参数没有影响。在 28 和 77 日龄时，与 FC-0 相比，FC-2 组的犊牛具有更高的血浆白蛋白和胆固醇浓度（P≤0.02）和更低的尿素氮。与 FC-0 相比，77 日龄时，FC-2 组的犊牛碱性磷酸酶的血浆浓度更高。这些发现支持在子宫晚期或哺乳期补充适量的长链多不饱和脂肪酸对犊牛代谢、生长和健康性能具有有益的影响。
