视野损害与驾驶员健康状况：对撞车事故和交通违规行为的1年回顾
Visual Field Impairment and Driver Fitness: A 1-Year Review of Crashes and Traffic Violations.
作者信息
Kristalovich Lisa, Ben Mortenson W
机构信息
Lisa Kristalovich, MSc, is Occupational Therapist, GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and Rehabilitation Research Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
W. Ben Mortenson, PhD, OT, is Associate Professor, Rehabilitation Research Program and Department of Occupational Sciences and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Principal Investigator, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and Principal Investigator, Rehabilitation Research Program, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
出版信息
Am J Occup Ther. 2019 Sep/Oct;73(5):7305345010p1-7305345010p6. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2019.030973.
IMPORTANCE
Occupational therapists frequently assess the fitness to drive of people with visual field impairment, but the relationship between these assessments and driving performance over time is not well understood.
OBJECTIVE
To determine traffic violation and crash incidence over a 1-yr period for drivers with visual field impairment.
DESIGN
Retrospective review of medical and driving records.
SETTING
British Columbia, Canada.
PARTICIPANTS
Participants (N = 445) were ages 26-74 yr with binocular, corrected visual acuity of ≥20/50. Goldmann visual field tests were reviewed to stratify participants on the basis of visual field impairment and whether impairments exceeded licensing standards.
OUTCOME AND MEASURES
Traffic records were reviewed to determine group-specific traffic violations and crash incidence during the year after the visual field test.
RESULTS
Of 445 participants, 292 held a valid driver's license during the designated period. Participants not meeting the licensing standards were less likely to become licensed than participants who met the standards. The results indicate that drivers with visual field impairment did not have a higher probability of crashes or violations than drivers without visual field impairment.
CONCLUSION
Drivers with visual field impairment who retained a driver's license did not have an increased probability of crashes in the following year. A larger, prospective, mixed methods study of long-term driving behaviors among people with visual field impairment is recommended.
WHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS
This study provides preliminary data on the 1-yr incidence of traffic violations and crashes among people with visual field impairment.
重要性
职业治疗师经常评估视野受损者的驾驶适宜性，但这些评估与长期驾驶表现之间的关系尚不清楚。
目的
确定视野受损驾驶员在1年期间的交通违规和撞车发生率。
设计
对医疗和驾驶记录进行回顾性审查。
地点
加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省。
参与者
参与者（N = 445）年龄在26 - 74岁之间，双眼矫正视力≥20/50。审查了Goldmann视野测试，以根据视野受损情况以及损伤是否超过许可标准对参与者进行分层。
结果与测量
审查交通记录，以确定视野测试后一年中特定组别的交通违规和撞车发生率。
结果
在445名参与者中，292人在指定期间持有有效驾驶执照。不符合许可标准的参与者获得执照的可能性低于符合标准的参与者。结果表明，视野受损的驾驶员发生撞车或违规的概率并不高于无视野受损的驾驶员。
结论
保留驾驶执照的视野受损驾驶员在次年发生撞车的概率没有增加。建议对视野受损者的长期驾驶行为进行更大规模的前瞻性混合方法研究。
本文补充内容
本研究提供了关于视野受损者1年期间交通违规和撞车发生率的初步数据。
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