Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5317, USA.
Stanford Health Care, Department of Social Work, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5617, USA.
BMC Med Educ. 2019 Sep 4;19(1):332. doi: 10.1186/s12909-019-1757-x.
Most residents and faculty in obstetrics and gynecology (Ob/Gyn) are women. However, only a third of Ob/Gyn academic leadership positions are held by women in the United States.
This is an IRB-approved cross-sectional study of leadership aspirations among Ob/Gyn residents in the U.S. as related to gender and mentorship using an electronic survey distributed nationwide in 2017. The primary outcome was resident interest in academic leadership. Mediator variables included demographics and training environment characteristics. Descriptive statistics and comparative analyses were performed using SPSS.
We received 202 completed surveys, for a representative cross-section of 4% of all Ob/Gyn residents in the U.S. The majority (86%) of respondents were women (n = 174), reflecting the same gender distribution of all Ob/Gyn residents in training. Sixty-seven percent of all respondents reported an interest in pursuing academic leadership (n = 133). Women reported leadership aspirations less often than men (64% vs 86%, p < 0.05) and reported lower mean Likert scores (3.73 vs 4.14, p < 0.05) regarding interest in leadership. A marginal difference between mean Likert scores was observed between women and men when controlled for other demographics (coefficient - 0.344, SE 0.186; p = 0.066). No difference in leadership aspirations was noted between women and men when controlled for mentorship, presence of female program director, and presence of three or more female leaders in a program.
Gender disparity in goal-setting toward leadership is identified as early as residency training in Ob/Gyn. This imbalance in leadership aspirations can be addressed with targeted mentorship.
大多数妇产科（Ob/Gyn）的住院医师和教师都是女性。然而，在美国，妇产科学术领导层中只有三分之一是女性担任。
这是一项在美国妇产科住院医师中进行的与性别和指导相关的领导力愿望的 IRB 批准的横断面研究，使用 2017 年在全国范围内分发的电子调查。主要结果是住院医师对学术领导力的兴趣。中介变量包括人口统计学和培训环境特征。使用 SPSS 进行描述性统计和比较分析。
我们收到了 202 份完整的调查回复，代表了美国所有妇产科住院医师的 4%的代表性横断面。大多数（86%）受访者是女性（n=174），反映了所有妇产科住院医师培训中的相同性别分布。所有受访者中有 67%（n=133）报告有兴趣从事学术领导工作。女性报告的领导愿望比男性少（64%比 86%，p<0.05），对领导的兴趣的平均李克特评分也较低（3.73 比 4.14，p<0.05）。在控制其他人口统计学因素后，女性和男性之间的平均李克特评分差异具有边缘统计学意义（系数-0.344，SE 0.186；p=0.066）。在控制指导、女性项目主任的存在以及项目中存在三位或更多女性领导者的情况下，女性和男性之间的领导愿望没有差异。
在妇产科住院医师培训中就已经发现了在设定领导目标方面的性别差距。这种领导愿望的不平衡可以通过有针对性的指导来解决。
