Mehni Sareh, Dehnavieh Tijang Reza, Keshavarzi Mohammad Hasan, Faghihi Seyed Aliakbar, Zare Soolmaz
Clinical Education Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
J Adv Med Educ Prof. 2025 Apr 1;13(2):134-148. doi: 10.30476/jamp.2025.103897.2029. eCollection 2025 Apr.
A key challenge for policymakers in medical education lies in grasping the future landscape of leadership. Without insights into emerging trends, they may face unforeseen issues, leading to expensive and inefficient decision-making. This study aimed at analyzing the trends and drivers influencing future leadership in medical education in Iran.
In this research, we employed a descriptive-exploratory approach This study consists of systematic reviews and interviews that have been analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling with the help of MicMac software (version 6.1.2, 2003/2004: 3IE/EPITA, France). We conducted a systematic review according to PRISMA. A literature search was performed using databases including Medline, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertation & Theses, Scopus Embase, and Persian studies from SID, and Magiran. The inclusion criteria for the study were the articles which needed to contain one or more listed keywords, were published in a scientific journal, were written in English or Persian, were published between 2004 and 2024, had the full text available, and focused on educational leadership in medical schools. Additionally, interviews were conducted with 14 Iranian experts to pinpoint influential components. To be included, experts possessed relevant education in medical education, health policy, or higher education management; occupied an executive or managerial position in higher health education or health policy; had more than 15 years of work experience, and were willing to participate in the study. Afterward, the codes were presented in a focus group discussion of experts to define how extracted drivers would affect leadership in medical education in Iran.
We identified 6081 articles in the initial literature search; 17 met inclusion criteria for final review. The study identified 37 drivers in medical education management and leadership. These drivers were categorized into four types: effective drivers (3), impressionable drivers (3), autonomous drivers (16), and bimodal drivers (15). Among these, the components of meritocracy in selecting managers and international relations within the education sector had the most significant impact.
By understanding and planning around these influential and susceptible components, managers, and policymakers can gain foresight. This foresight can enhance the effectiveness of current decisions and activities, enabling a more desirable future. This can be achieved by systematically improving decision-making processes, revising procedures, and developing appropriate strategies in medical education leadership.
医学教育政策制定者面临的一个关键挑战在于把握未来的领导力格局。如果不了解新出现的趋势，他们可能会面临意想不到的问题，导致决策成本高昂且效率低下。本研究旨在分析影响伊朗医学教育未来领导力的趋势和驱动因素。
在本研究中，我们采用了描述性探索性方法。本研究包括系统评价和访谈，并借助MicMac软件（版本6.1.2，2003/2004：法国3IE/EPITA）使用结构方程模型进行了分析。我们根据PRISMA进行了系统评价。使用包括Medline、科学网、ProQuest学位论文、Scopus Embase以及来自SID和Magiran的波斯语研究在内的数据库进行文献检索。该研究的纳入标准是文章需要包含一个或多个列出的关键词，发表在科学期刊上，用英语或波斯语撰写，发表于2004年至2024年之间，有全文可供获取，并且专注于医学院校的教育领导力。此外，还对14位伊朗专家进行了访谈，以确定有影响力的因素。被纳入的专家需具备医学教育、卫生政策或高等教育管理方面的相关教育背景；在高等卫生教育或卫生政策领域担任行政或管理职位；有超过15年的工作经验，并且愿意参与该研究。之后，在专家焦点小组讨论中展示这些代码，以确定提取的驱动因素将如何影响伊朗医学教育的领导力。
在初步文献检索中我们识别出6081篇文章；17篇符合最终审查的纳入标准。该研究确定了医学教育管理和领导力中的37个驱动因素。这些驱动因素分为四种类型：有效驱动因素（3个）、易受影响驱动因素（3个）、自主驱动因素（16个）和双峰驱动因素（15个）。其中，选拔管理人员中的精英主义成分以及教育部门内部的国际关系具有最显著的影响。
通过围绕这些有影响力且易受影响的因素进行理解和规划，管理人员和政策制定者可以获得前瞻性视野。这种前瞻性视野可以提高当前决策和活动的有效性，实现更理想的未来。这可以通过系统地改进医学教育领导力中的决策过程、修订程序和制定适当策略来实现。
