Spectroscopy Department, Physics Division, National Research Centre, El Behooth St., 12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
Physics Department, Faculty of science, Taif University, Taif, 21974, P.O. Box 888, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2020 Jun;195(2):417-426. doi: 10.1007/s12011-019-01884-3. Epub 2019 Sep 4.
The pressed powder sample is a common method for elemental analysis using X-ray fluorescence analysis whereas suitable light hydrocarbon materials should be added to the sample as a binder. The present study demonstrates the applicability of using different commercial binders for elemental analysis of urinary stone samples. In order to confirm the obtained results, a comparison with pure chemical grade binders was presented. Different commercial and pure binders were tested for quantitative elemental analysis of urinary stones, namely, cellulose, starch, wax, and urea. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) was used for elemental analysis. Differential thermal analysis was used to estimate the loss on ignition (LOI) in the urinary stone samples. The signal to background ratios (I/I) of the different detected elements in the commercial and pure binders were calculated, compared, and studied at eight different photon energies starting from 2.5 up to 37 keV. Standard-less quantitative analysis method based on the fundamental parameter approach was applied for elemental analysis of selected urinary stones. The commercial and low-cost binders could be an excellent alternative binder for urinary stone analysis using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. The commercial binders could provide an advantage as pure chemical grade binders or even better especially at photon energy higher than 10 keV. The best commercial binder candidate was found to be the wax. The quantitative analysis results using commercial and pure chemical grade binders give good agreement results, which indicate the applicability of commercial binders for quantitative elemental analysis of urinary stones in the form of pressed powder samples.
压片粉末样品是使用 X 射线荧光分析进行元素分析的常用方法，而应该向样品中添加合适的轻质烃材料作为粘合剂。本研究证明了使用不同商业粘合剂进行尿结石样品元素分析的适用性。为了确认获得的结果，还提出了与纯化学级粘合剂的比较。为了对尿结石进行定量元素分析，测试了不同的商业和纯粘合剂，包括纤维素、淀粉、蜡和尿素。能量色散 X 射线荧光（EDXRF）用于元素分析。差示热分析用于估计尿结石样品的灼烧损失（LOI）。计算、比较和研究了商业和纯粘合剂中不同检测元素的信号与背景比（I/I），并在 2.5 至 37 keV 的八个不同光子能量下进行了研究。应用无标准定量分析方法基于基本参数法对选定的尿结石进行了元素分析。商业和低成本粘合剂可以作为能量色散 X 射线荧光分析尿结石的替代粘合剂。商业粘合剂可以提供优势，就像纯化学级粘合剂一样，甚至更好，特别是在光子能量高于 10 keV 时。发现最佳的商业粘合剂候选物是蜡。使用商业和纯化学级粘合剂的定量分析结果具有很好的一致性，这表明商业粘合剂适用于压片粉末形式的尿结石的定量元素分析。
