Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom.
Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Dec 20;697:134114. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134114. Epub 2019 Aug 26.
Ammonia (NH) volatilization is considered as one of the major mechanisms responsible for the loss of nitrogen (N) from soil-plant systems worldwide. This study investigated the effect of biochar amendment to a calcareous soil (pH 7.8) on NH volatilization and plant N uptake. In particular, the effect of biochar's feedstock and application rate on both NH volatilization and plant growth were quantified using a specially designed closed chamber system. Two well-characterized biochars prepared from poultry manure (PM-BC) and green waste compost (GW-BC) were applied to the soil (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% w/w equivalent to 0, 7.5, 15, 22 and 30 t ha) and wheat (Triticum aestivum, variety: Calingiri) was grown for 30 days. Both PM-BC and GW-BC decreased NH volatilization to a similar degree (by 47 and 38%, respectively), in the soil-plant system compared to the unamended control. Higher plant biomass production of up to 70% was obtained in the closed chamber systems with the addition of biochar. The increase in plant biomass was due to the reduction in N loss as NH gas, thereby increasing the N supply to the plants. Plant N uptake was improved by as much as 58% with biochar addition when additional NPK nutrients were supplied to the soil. This study demonstrates that the application of biochars can mitigate NH emission from calcareous agricultural cropping soil and that the retained N is plant-available and can improve wheat biomass yield.
氨（NH）挥发被认为是全球土壤-植物系统中氮（N）损失的主要机制之一。本研究调查了生物炭改良钙质土壤（pH 7.8）对 NH 挥发和植物 N 吸收的影响。特别是，使用专门设计的封闭室系统定量研究了生物炭的原料和施用量对 NH 挥发和植物生长的影响。本研究使用两种经过充分表征的生物炭，一种由家禽粪便（PM-BC）制备，另一种由绿色废物堆肥（GW-BC）制备，将其应用于土壤（0、0.5、1、1.5 和 2%w/w，相当于 0、7.5、15、22 和 30t ha），并种植小麦（Triticum aestivum，品种：Calingiri）30 天。与未施肥对照相比，PM-BC 和 GW-BC 都使土壤-植物系统中的 NH 挥发量降低了相似的程度（分别降低了 47%和 38%）。在添加生物炭的封闭室系统中，植物生物量增加了高达 70%。由于 NH 气体损失减少，植物生物量增加，从而增加了植物的氮供应。当向土壤中添加额外的 NPK 养分时，添加生物炭可使植物对 N 的吸收提高多达 58%。本研究表明，生物炭的应用可以减少钙质农业种植土壤中 NH 的排放，并且保留的 N 是植物可利用的，可以提高小麦生物量产量。
