College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Jan 15;293:118499. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118499. Epub 2021 Nov 15.
Nitrogen management measures (NMMs) such as the application of urease inhibitors (UIs), synthetic nitrification inhibitors (SNIs), and biochar (BC) are commonly used in mitigating nitrogen (N) loss and increasing fertilizer recovery efficiency (FRE) in agriculture. Calcareous soil under rice cropping is characterized by high nitrification potential, N loss risk, and low FRE. Application of SNIs may stimulate NH volatilization in high pH soils and the effects of SNIs on FRE are not always positive. BNIs have many advantages over SNIs. Whether combined application of BNI, UI, and BC that can result in a synergistic effect of improving FRE and decreasing N loss in a calcareous soil under rice cropping worth investigating. In this study, we conducted pot experiments to investigate the effects of single and co-application of BNI (methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate or MHPP, 500 mg kg soil), UI (N-(n-butyl), thiophosphoric triamide or NBPT, 2% of urea-N), or BC (wheat straw, 0.5% (w/w)) with chemical fertilizer on NH volatilization, NO emission, N leaching, crop N uptake, and FRE in a calcareous soil under rice cropping. Our results demonstrated that those NMMs could mitigate NH volatilization by 12.5%-26.5%, NO emission by 62.7%-73.5%, and N leaching loss by 17.5%-49.0%. However, BNI might have a risk of increasing NH (5.98%) volatilization loss. Among those NMMs, double inhibitors (BNI plus UI) yielded a synergistic effect that could mitigate N loss to the maximum extent and effectively improve FRE by 25.4%. The mechanisms of the above effects could be partly ascribed to the niche differentiation between the abundance of AOA and AOB and the changed community structure of AOB, which could further influence nitrification and N fate. Our results demonstrated that co-application of BNI and UI with urea is an effective strategy in reducing N loss and improving FRE in a calcareous soil under rice cropping.
氮肥管理措施（NMMs）如应用脲酶抑制剂（UIs）、合成硝化抑制剂（SNIs）和生物炭（BC）通常用于减少农业中的氮（N）损失并提高肥料回收率（FRE）。石灰性土壤在水稻种植下具有高硝化潜力、N 损失风险和低 FRE。在高 pH 土壤中应用 SNIs 可能会刺激 NH 挥发，并且 SNIs 对 FRE 的影响并不总是积极的。BNIs 比 SNIs 具有许多优势。在石灰性土壤下，BNI、UI 和 BC 的联合应用是否能协同提高 FRE 和减少 N 损失值得研究。在这项研究中，我们进行了盆栽实验，研究了单施和共施 BNIs（3-（4-羟基苯基）丙酸甲酯或 MHPP，500 mg kg 土壤）、UI（N-（正丁基），硫代磷酰胺或 NBPT，2%尿素-N）或 BC（小麦秸秆，0.5%（w/w））与化肥对水稻种植下石灰性土壤中 NH 挥发、NO 排放、N 淋失、作物 N 吸收和 FRE 的影响。结果表明，这些 NMMs 可以减少 12.5%-26.5%的 NH 挥发、62.7%-73.5%的 NO 排放和 17.5%-49.0%的 N 淋失损失。然而，BNI 可能有增加 NH（5.98%）挥发损失的风险。在这些 NMMs 中，双抑制剂（BNI 加 UI）产生协同效应，可以最大限度地减少 N 损失，并有效提高 FRE 25.4%。这些效应的机制部分可以归因于 AOA 和 AOB 的丰度差异以及 AOB 群落结构的变化，这可能进一步影响硝化作用和 N 命运。结果表明，在石灰性土壤下，BNI 和 UI 与尿素共施是减少水稻种植下 N 损失和提高 FRE 的有效策略。
