1 Portland State University, OR, USA.
2 Independent Safeguarding Consultant, West Yorkshire, UK.
J Interpers Violence. 2019 Oct;34(20):4199-4224. doi: 10.1177/0886260519869239.
Evidence suggests that tens of millions of children and adolescents are involved in youth-serving organizations (YSOs) outside of their homes on a daily basis. Children's involvement with YSOs clearly offers a broad array of emotional, social, and personal development benefits. This involvement can, however, also be associated with a variety of safety risks, including the potential for child sexual abuse (CSA) victimization and the myriad short- and long-term consequences to its victims and their families. Recognizing the significance of CSA within YSOs, the funded a comprehensive review of the literature on risk and protective factors related to CSA in institutions. This yielded more than 400 primarily research articles from the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia, examining institutional CSA victims, perpetrators, and settings. Findings were provided regarding six specific types of institutional settings, including faith-based, early childhood education, childcare and schools, health care, out-of-home/foster care, and sport. This article is based on the findings of Kaufman and Erooga's comprehensive literature review and Royal Commission findings. It provides a brief review of critical risks associated with CSA victims, perpetrators, and organizational settings, as well as highlights risks particular to specific types of YSOs and risks that are present across these organizations. Optimal prevention directions and strategies are outlined in response to identified patterns of organizational risk. Recommendations for YSO policy enhancements are also provided to complement the article's prevention focus. Finally, suggestions are offered for future research directions to foster the development of an evidence-based foundation for work in this area.
有证据表明，数以千万计的儿童和青少年每天都在家外参与青年服务组织（YSO）。儿童参与 YSO 显然提供了广泛的情感、社会和个人发展的好处。然而，这种参与也可能与各种安全风险相关，包括儿童性虐待（CSA）受害的可能性，以及对受害者及其家庭的短期和长期影响。鉴于 CSA 在 YSO 中的重要性，该基金资助了一项关于与机构中的 CSA 相关的风险和保护因素的文献综述。这产生了 400 多篇主要来自美国、英国和澳大利亚的研究文章，研究了机构中的 CSA 受害者、加害者和环境。研究结果涉及六种特定类型的机构环境，包括基于信仰、幼儿教育、儿童保育和学校、医疗保健、家庭外/寄养和运动。本文基于 Kaufman 和 Erooga 的全面文献综述和皇家委员会的调查结果。它简要回顾了与 CSA 受害者、加害者和组织环境相关的关键风险，以及特定类型的 YSO 特有的风险和这些组织中存在的风险。针对已确定的组织风险模式，概述了最佳预防方向和策略。还为 YSO 政策增强提供了建议，以补充文章的预防重点。最后，为未来的研究方向提供了建议，以促进该领域工作的循证基础的发展。
