V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine.
Université Paris-Est, UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 94010 Créteil, France.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Sep 6;20(18):4377. doi: 10.3390/ijms20184377.
Salicylic acid (SA) is a phytohormone that plays important roles in many aspects of plant life, notably in plant defenses against pathogens. Key mechanisms of SA signal transduction pathways have now been uncovered. Even though details are still missing, we understand how SA production is regulated and which molecular machinery is implicated in the control of downstream transcriptional responses. The NPR1 pathway has been described to play the main role in SA transduction. However, the mode of SA perception is unclear. NPR1 protein has been shown to bind SA. Nevertheless, NPR1 action requires upstream regulatory events (such as a change in cell redox status). Besides, a number of SA-induced responses are independent from NPR1. This shows that there is more than one way for plants to perceive SA. Indeed, multiple SA-binding proteins of contrasting structures and functions have now been identified. Yet, all of these proteins can be considered as candidate SA receptors and might have a role in multinodal (decentralized) SA input. This phenomenon is unprecedented for other plant hormones and is a point of discussion of this review.
水杨酸（SA）是一种植物激素，在植物生命的许多方面发挥着重要作用，特别是在植物对病原体的防御中。SA 信号转导途径的关键机制现已被揭示。尽管细节仍不清楚，但我们了解 SA 产生是如何被调控的，以及哪些分子机制参与了下游转录反应的控制。NPR1 途径已被描述为在 SA 转导中发挥主要作用。然而，SA 的感知模式尚不清楚。已经表明 NPR1 蛋白可以结合 SA。然而，NPR1 的作用需要上游调节事件（如细胞氧化还原状态的变化）。此外，许多由 SA 诱导的反应与 NPR1 无关。这表明植物感知 SA 的方式不止一种。事实上，现在已经鉴定出了多种结构和功能不同的 SA 结合蛋白。然而，所有这些蛋白质都可以被认为是候选的 SA 受体，并可能在多节点（分散）SA 输入中发挥作用。这种现象在其他植物激素中是前所未有的，也是本文讨论的一个要点。
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