Gonçalves Fabrício Custódio de Moura, Mantoan Luís Paulo Benetti, Corrêa Carla Verônica, Parreiras Nathália de Souza, de Almeida Luiz Fernando Rolim, Ono Elizabeth Orika, Rodrigues João Domingos, Prado Renato de Mello, Boaro Carmen Sílvia Fernandes
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu, Avenida Universitária, 3780 Altos do Paraíso, Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil.
Department of Biodiversity and Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu, R. Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250 Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Oct 7;13(19):2805. doi: 10.3390/plants13192805.
L. has worldwide distribution, but drought has limited its production. There is a lack of research to better understand how this species copes with drought stress, whether it is reversible, and the effects of mitigating agents such as salicylic acid (SA). Therefore, this study aimed to understand the mechanisms of action of SA and rehydration on the physiology of pepper plants grown under drought conditions. The factorial scheme adopted was 3 × 4, with three water regimes (irrigation, drought, and rehydration) and four SA concentrations, namely: 0 (control), 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mM. This study evaluated leaf water percentage, water potential of shoots, chlorophylls ( and ), carotenoids, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence, and hydrogen peroxide (HO) concentration at different times of day, water conditions (irrigation, drought, and rehydration), and SA applications (without the addition of a regulator (0) and with the addition of SA at concentrations equal to 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mM). In general, exogenous SA application increased stomatal conductance () responses and modified the fluorescence parameters (ΦPSII, qP, ETR, NPQ, D, and E) of sweet pepper plants subjected to drought followed by rehydration. It was found that the use of SA, especially at concentrations of 1 mM in combination with rehydration, modulates , which is reflected in a higher electron transport rate. This, along with the production of photosynthetic pigments, suggests that HO did not cause membrane damage, thereby mitigating the water deficit in pepper plants. Plants under drought conditions and rehydration with foliar SA application at concentrations of 1 mM demonstrated protection against damage resulting from water stress. Focusing on sustainable productivity, foliar SA application of 1 mM could be recommended as a technique to overcome the adverse effects of water stress on pepper plants cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions.
辣椒在全球范围内均有分布，但干旱限制了其产量。目前缺乏相关研究来更好地了解该物种如何应对干旱胁迫、这种胁迫是否可逆以及诸如水杨酸（SA）等缓解剂的作用。因此，本研究旨在了解SA和复水对干旱条件下生长的辣椒植株生理的作用机制。所采用的析因设计为3×4，包括三种水分处理（灌溉、干旱和复水）以及四种SA浓度，即：0（对照）、0.5、1和1.5 mM。本研究评估了在一天中的不同时间、水分条件（灌溉、干旱和复水）以及SA处理（不添加调节剂（0）以及添加浓度为0.5、1和1.5 mM的SA）下的叶片含水量、茎的水势、叶绿素（叶绿素a和叶绿素b）、类胡萝卜素、气孔导度、叶绿素荧光以及过氧化氢（H₂O₂）浓度。总体而言，外源SA处理增加了气孔导度响应，并改变了干旱后复水的甜椒植株的荧光参数（光系统II有效量子产量（ΦPSII）、光化学猝灭系数（qP）、电子传递速率（ETR）、非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）、D和E）。研究发现，使用SA，尤其是浓度为1 mM并结合复水处理，可调节电子传递速率，这反映在较高的电子传递速率上。这与光合色素的产生一起表明，H₂O₂并未造成膜损伤，从而减轻了辣椒植株的水分亏缺。在干旱条件下且叶面喷施浓度为1 mM的SA进行复水的植株表现出对水分胁迫造成的损伤的保护作用。着眼于可持续生产力，建议喷施1 mM的叶面SA作为一种技术，以克服水分胁迫对干旱和半干旱地区种植的辣椒植株的不利影响。
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