Higher Technical School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, Castilla-La Mancha University, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America; Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Dec 20;697:134204. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134204. Epub 2019 Aug 30.
The shift in ecosystem multifunctionality during ecosystem succession (years to decades) remains largely unexplored. In this study, we used a 120-year-old pine temperate forest chronosequence (1: 1-19 years, stage 2: 20-39 years, stage 3: 40-59 years, stage 4: 60-79 years, stage 5: 80-99 years, stage 6: 100-120 years) to evaluate the role that time plays in shaping ecosystem multifunctionality (nutrient cycling, carbon stocks, water regulation, decomposition and wood production), and found that, over the first century, ecosystem functioning gradually increased every ~50 years. Such a result was maintained for individual groups of ecosystem functions and services including nutrient cycling, carbon stocks, decomposition and wood production. Plant diversity and soil stoichiometry (C:N ratio) were the major environmental predictors for the changes in ecosystem multifunctionality during forest secondary succession. Plant diversity increased during ecosystem succession and was positively related to ecosystem multifunctionality. The soil C:N ratio decreased during ecosystem succession and was negatively related to multifunctionality. Our results suggest that increases in aboveground resource heterogeneity (higher plant diversity) and organic matter quality (lower soil C:N ratios) could help explain the increases in multifunctionality over a century of forest development. Our work illustrates the importance of time in shaping multifunctionality during the first century of ecosystem succession, and further provide important insights for the management of temperate forest ecosystems.
在生态系统演替（数年至数十年）过程中，生态系统多功能性的转变在很大程度上仍未得到探索。在这项研究中，我们使用了一个 120 年历史的温带松林演替序列（1: 1-19 年，阶段 2: 20-39 年，阶段 3: 40-59 年，阶段 4: 60-79 年，阶段 5: 80-99 年，阶段 6: 100-120 年）来评估时间在塑造生态系统多功能性（养分循环、碳储量、水分调节、分解和木材生产）方面的作用，结果发现，在最初的 100 年内，生态系统功能每~50 年逐渐增加。这种结果在包括养分循环、碳储量、分解和木材生产在内的各个生态系统功能和服务组中都得到了维持。植物多样性和土壤化学计量（C:N 比）是森林次生演替过程中生态系统多功能性变化的主要环境预测因子。植物多样性在生态系统演替过程中增加，并与生态系统多功能性呈正相关。土壤 C:N 比在生态系统演替过程中降低，与多功能性呈负相关。我们的结果表明，地上资源异质性（较高的植物多样性）和有机质质量（较低的土壤 C:N 比）的增加可能有助于解释在森林发展的一个世纪中多功能性的增加。我们的工作说明了时间在塑造生态系统演替最初 100 年期间多功能性的重要性，并为温带森林生态系统的管理提供了重要的见解。
