Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019 Sep 6;35(9):146. doi: 10.1007/s11274-019-2722-x.
The Campylobacter and Arcobacter genera encompass closely related species that are ubiquitous in nature and are harboured in the gastrointestinal tract of many animals, including food-producing animals (cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry). In humans Campylobacter spp. is the cause of most of the gastroenteritis cases worldwide and in more severe cases the infection can result in Guillian Barré syndrome. Similarly, Arcobacter species can cause gastroenteritis as well as bacteraemia. Infections in humans can be induced by the consumption of contaminated vegetables, meat, milk and water. However, food originating from animals, especially meat, has been recognised as a source of infection, in fact, poultry meat and meat products have been globally reported as the main source of infection. It is clear that food-producing animals are important reservoirs for Campylobacter and Arcobacter species, which implies successful colonisation of the gastrointestinal tract at primary production and contamination during the slaughter process. During slaughter the evisceration step has been recognised as the most likely point of contamination, as accidental spillage of intestinal fluid and rapture of gastrointestinal tract can occur. Therefore, improper hygienic practices can ultimately allow for the contamination of finished/retail products intended for human consumption. This literature review will seek to explore the infection of food-producing animals with Campylobacter and Arcobacter species at primary production and contamination during the slaughter of food-producing animals.
弯曲菌属和弧菌属包含密切相关的物种，这些物种在自然界中无处不在，存在于许多动物的胃肠道中，包括生产食品的动物（牛、羊、猪和家禽）。在人类中，弯曲菌属是导致全球大多数肠胃炎病例的原因，在更严重的情况下，感染可能导致吉兰-巴雷综合征。同样，弧菌属也会引起肠胃炎和菌血症。人类感染可以通过食用受污染的蔬菜、肉类、牛奶和水引起。然而，源自动物的食品，特别是肉类，已被确认为感染源，事实上，禽肉和肉类产品已在全球范围内被报告为主要感染源。很明显，生产食品的动物是弯曲菌属和弧菌属的重要宿主，这意味着它们在初级生产阶段成功定植于胃肠道，并在屠宰过程中受到污染。在屠宰过程中，开腔步骤已被认为是最有可能受到污染的环节，因为肠道液体会意外溢出，胃肠道可能会破裂。因此，不适当的卫生操作最终可能会导致用于人类消费的成品/零售产品受到污染。本文综述将探讨生产食品的动物在初级生产阶段和屠宰过程中被弯曲菌属和弧菌属感染和污染的情况。
