Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
BMJ Open. 2019 Sep 6;9(9):e027868. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027868.
In March 2018, New Zealand (NZ) introduced standardised tobacco packaging that also featured new pictorial warnings, with implementation completed by early June 2018. We evaluated how the new packaging affected tobacco pack displays in outdoor areas of hospitality venues.
Before-and-after descriptive field observation study.
Central city area of the capital city of NZ (Wellington).
Observations of people smoking and tobacco packs were made at 56 hospitality venues with outdoor tables (2422 separate venue observations), after the introduction of standardised tobacco packaging. Comparisons were made with a prior study in the same setting, from a time when tobacco packaging still featured brand imagery.
A total of 8191 patrons, 1113 active smokers and 889 packs and pouches (522 of known orientation) were observed over 2422 venue observations. There were 0.80 visible packs per active smoker in 2018, compared with 1.26 in 2014 (risk ratio (RR)=0.64, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.67, p<0.0001). The new packs in 2018 were also less likely to be displayed face-up, compared with packs in 2014, which had brand imagery on the front face (RR=0.77, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.83, p<0.0001). Pack and pouch display (RR=3.09 in 2014 and 3.10 in 2018) and active smoking (RR=3.16 in 2014 compared with 3.32 in 2018) were higher at venues without children present, compared with venues with children present (this finding was consistent over time).
The reduction in the number of visible packs per active smoker, along with the reduction in face-up positioning of packs, suggests that smokers found the new standardised packs less attractive. Countries introducing standardised packaging should consider evaluating social display of tobacco packaging.
2018 年 3 月，新西兰（NZ）推出了标准化的烟草包装，同时还采用了新的图片警示，这项措施于 2018 年 6 月初全面实施。我们评估了新包装对户外餐饮场所烟草包装展示的影响。
引入标准化烟草包装前后的描述性现场观察研究。
新西兰首都惠灵顿的中心城区。
在引入标准化烟草包装后，在 56 家设有户外餐桌的餐饮场所（2422 个独立场所观察）观察人们吸烟和烟草包装的情况。我们将这些结果与同一地点之前进行的一项研究进行了比较，当时的烟草包装上仍有品牌标识。
在 2422 个场所观察中，共观察到 8191 名顾客、1113 名吸烟者和 889 个烟盒或烟袋（522 个已知朝向）。2018 年，每个吸烟者可见的烟包数量为 0.80 个，而 2014 年为 1.26 个（风险比（RR）=0.64，95%置信区间 0.60 至 0.67，p<0.0001）。与 2014 年的包装相比，2018 年的新包装正面展示的可能性更小，因为 2014 年的包装正面有品牌标识（RR=0.77，95%置信区间 0.72 至 0.83，p<0.0001）。与有儿童在场的场所相比，没有儿童在场的场所展示烟盒或烟袋（2014 年 RR=3.09，2018 年 RR=3.10）和吸烟者吸烟的情况（2014 年 RR=3.16，2018 年 RR=3.32）更高（这一发现一直保持一致）。
吸烟者发现新的标准化包装吸引力降低，这体现在每个吸烟者可见烟包数量的减少和包装正面展示位置的减少上。引入标准化包装的国家应考虑评估烟草包装的社会展示。
