Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
Biol Reprod. 2020 Feb 12;102(1):8-17. doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioz182.
Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate a number of metabolic processes during pregnancy. After implantation, the placenta forms and enhances embryonic growth and development. Dysregulated maternal THs signaling has been observed in malplacentation-mediated pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, miscarriage, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), but the molecular mechanisms involved in this association have not been fully characterized. In this review, we have discussed THs signaling and its roles in trophoblast proliferation, trophoblast differentiation, trophoblast invasion of the decidua, and decidual angiogenesis. We have also explored the relationship between specific pregnancy complications and placental THs transporters, deiodinases, and THs receptors. In addition, we have examined the effects of specific endocrine disruptors on placental THs signaling. The available evidence indicates that THs signaling is involved in the formation and functioning of the placenta and serves as the basis for understanding the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of dysthyroidism-associated pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, miscarriage, and IUGR.
甲状腺激素 (THs) 在妊娠期间调节许多代谢过程。着床后，胎盘形成并促进胚胎生长和发育。在胎盘介导的妊娠并发症中，如子痫前期、流产和宫内生长受限 (IUGR)，已经观察到母体 THs 信号传导失调，但涉及这种关联的分子机制尚未完全阐明。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 THs 信号及其在滋养细胞增殖、滋养细胞分化、滋养细胞浸润蜕膜和蜕膜血管生成中的作用。我们还探讨了特定妊娠并发症与胎盘 THs 转运蛋白、脱碘酶和 THs 受体之间的关系。此外，我们还检查了特定内分泌干扰物对胎盘 THs 信号的影响。现有证据表明，THs 信号参与胎盘的形成和功能，为理解与甲状腺功能减退症相关的妊娠并发症（如子痫前期、流产和 IUGR）的发病机制和病理生理学提供了基础。
