College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China.
Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Oct;26(30):30731-30754. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-06345-x. Epub 2019 Sep 7.
Surfactants widely exist in various kinds of wastewaters which could be treated by pressure-driven membrane separation (PDMS) techniques. Due to the special characteristics of surfactants, they may affect the performance of membrane filtration. Over the last two decades, there are a number of studies on treating wastewaters containing surfactants by PDMS. The current paper gives a review of the roles of surfactants in PDMS processes. The effects of surfactants on membrane performance were discussed via two aspects: influence of surfactants on membrane fouling and enhanced removal of pollutants by surfactants. The characteristics of surfactants in solution and at solid-liquid interface were summarized. Surfactants in membrane filtration processes cause membrane fouling mainly through adsorption, concentration polarization, pore blocking, and cake formation, and fouling degree may be influenced by various factors (feed water composition, membrane properties, and operation conditions). Furthermore, surfactants may also have a positive effect on membrane performance. Enhanced removal of various kinds of pollutants by PDMS in the presence of surfactants has been summarized, and the removal mechanism has been revealed. Based on the current reports, further studies on membrane fouling caused by surfactants and enhanced removal of pollutants by surfactant-aided membrane filtration were also proposed.
表面活性剂广泛存在于各种废水中，可以通过压力驱动膜分离（PDMS）技术进行处理。由于表面活性剂的特殊性质，它们可能会影响膜过滤的性能。在过去的二十年中，已经有许多关于 PDMS 处理含表面活性剂废水的研究。本文综述了表面活性剂在 PDMS 过程中的作用。通过两个方面讨论了表面活性剂对膜性能的影响：表面活性剂对膜污染的影响和表面活性剂对污染物去除的增强作用。总结了溶液中和固-液界面上表面活性剂的特性。膜过滤过程中的表面活性剂主要通过吸附、浓差极化、孔堵塞和滤饼形成引起膜污染，污染程度可能受到多种因素的影响（进料水组成、膜性能和操作条件）。此外，表面活性剂也可能对膜性能产生积极影响。总结了 PDMS 存在表面活性剂时对各种污染物的去除增强作用，并揭示了去除机制。基于目前的报道，还提出了进一步研究表面活性剂引起的膜污染和表面活性剂辅助膜过滤增强去除污染物的问题。
