Pineda S, Hernández-Quintero O, Velázquez-Rodríguez Y B, Viñuela E, Figueroa J I, Morales S I, Martínez-Castillo A M
Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. km. 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro. 58880Tarímbaro, Michoacán, Mexico.
Protección de Cultivos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain.
Bull Entomol Res. 2020 Apr;110(2):270-277. doi: 10.1017/S0007485319000579. Epub 2019 Sep 9.
Predation by Engytatus varians (Distant) adults on different development stages of the prey species Bactericera cockerelli (Sulcer) (egg, second, and third nymphal instars), Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) and Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (egg, first, and second larval instars) was evaluated using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) leaflets or plants. These insects are the primary pest of several agriculturally important crops. The influence of E. varians age on the predation capacity was also analysed. Engytatus varians females consumed significantly more B. cockerelli eggs and nymphs than males. Additionally, female predators consumed significantly more second than third instar prey at two predator ages, while males consumed significantly more the second instar than third instar prey at all predator ages. In most of the cases, females also consumed significantly more S. exigua and S. frugiperda eggs than males; however, in terms of larvae consumption, this difference was observed only in some predator ages. Females consumed more the first than second instar S. exigua than males, whereas this behaviour was only observed in males when the predators were 15 and 17 days old. No significant differences were observed in the consumption of first and second instar of S. frugiperda for both sexes of the predators. Predator age did not cause any systematic effects on the predation rates of any prey species. Based on these results, we confirmed that E. varians has potential as a biological control agent for B. cockerelli and also for the Spodoptera species bioassayed.
利用番茄（Solanum lycopersicum L.）小叶或植株，评估了变异恩蚜小蜂（Engytatus varians (Distant)）成虫对猎物番茄潜叶蛾（Bactericera cockerelli (Sulcer)）不同发育阶段（卵、二龄和三龄若虫）、甜菜夜蛾（Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)）和草地贪夜蛾（Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)）（卵、一龄和二龄幼虫）的捕食情况。这些昆虫是几种重要农作物的主要害虫。还分析了变异恩蚜小蜂的年龄对其捕食能力的影响。变异恩蚜小蜂雌虫消耗的番茄潜叶蛾卵和若虫显著多于雄虫。此外，在两个捕食者年龄阶段，雌虫捕食的二龄猎物显著多于三龄猎物，而在所有捕食者年龄阶段，雄虫捕食的二龄猎物均显著多于三龄猎物。在大多数情况下，雌虫消耗的甜菜夜蛾和草地贪夜蛾卵也显著多于雄虫；然而，就幼虫消耗而言，这种差异仅在某些捕食者年龄阶段观察到。雌虫捕食的一龄甜菜夜蛾幼虫多于雄虫，而这种行为仅在捕食者为15天和17天时在雄虫中观察到。对于草地贪夜蛾一龄和二龄幼虫的消耗，捕食者两性之间未观察到显著差异。捕食者年龄对任何猎物种类的捕食率均未产生任何系统性影响。基于这些结果，我们证实变异恩蚜小蜂有潜力作为番茄潜叶蛾以及受试夜蛾科物种的生物防治剂。
