Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Tarímbaro, Michoacán, 58880, Mexico.
Departamento de Entomologia, Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia de Inseticidas, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras, MG, CEP 37200-000, Brazil.
Ecotoxicology. 2018 Aug;27(6):719-728. doi: 10.1007/s10646-018-1954-0. Epub 2018 Jun 19.
The mirid Engytatus varians (Distant) is a promising biological control agent of the tomato borer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), one of the most destructive pests of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The effects of five insecticides commonly used on tomato crops in Brazil were evaluated on E. varians in laboratory and semifield conditions. Glass Petri dish with residues of chlorfenapyr, thiamethoxam, and abamectin caused ˃90% mortality in both stages of the predator 72 h post-treatment, except imidacloprid that caused 78% of nymphs mortality. Teflubenzuron caused 24 and 66% mortality on adults and nymphs, respectively. The offspring of females derived from treated nymphs with teflubenzuron was significantly lower than the control but not when females were treated as adults. Longevity of males derived from nymphs treated with teflubenzuron was significantly reduced, but no effects were observed on females. When males and females were treated as adults with teflubenzuron there were no effects on their longevity. In the greenhouse-aged tomato plants, the 2 h-old residues of thiamethoxam, chlorfenapyr, and abamectin caused more than 70% of mortality of third instar of E. varians at 72 h post-treatment, 12 day-old residues of all three compounds caused a mortality lower than 30%. These data suggest that teflubenzuron can be associated with releases of E. varians adults, while the use of other evaluated pesticides should be avoided in this situation. Although, the low persistence of these products indicate that their spraying and later releases of E. varians adults on tomato crops are a possible strategy to control T. absoluta.
南美盲蝽（Engytatus varians）（Distant）是番茄夜蛾（Tuta absoluta）（鳞翅目：草螟科）的一种有前途的生物防治剂，番茄夜蛾是番茄（Solanum lycopersicum L.）最具破坏性的害虫之一。评估了巴西番茄作物上常用的五种杀虫剂对南美盲蝽在实验室和半野外条件下的影响。在处理后 72 小时，氯氟吡虫啉、噻虫嗪和阿维菌素在玻璃培养皿中的残留物对成虫和若虫的死亡率均超过 90%，而噻虫啉仅导致 78%的若虫死亡。氟虫脲对成虫和若虫的死亡率分别为 24%和 66%。用氟虫脲处理若虫的雌性后代明显低于对照，但用成虫处理则不然。用氟虫脲处理若虫的雄性寿命明显缩短，但对雌性没有影响。当雄性和雌性成虫用氟虫脲处理时，它们的寿命没有受到影响。在温室老化的番茄植株中，噻虫嗪、氯氟吡虫啉和阿维菌素在 2 小时龄的残留物在处理后 72 小时对南美盲蝽三龄幼虫的死亡率超过 70%，而所有三种化合物 12 天龄的残留物的死亡率低于 30%。这些数据表明，氟虫脲可以与南美盲蝽成虫的释放相关联，而在这种情况下，应避免使用其他评估过的杀虫剂。尽管这些产品的持久性低，但这表明它们的喷洒以及随后在番茄作物上释放南美盲蝽成虫是控制番茄夜蛾的一种可能策略。
