Hossain Sahadat, Latifa Gulshan Ara, Al Nayeem Abdullah
Department of Environmental Science, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Center for Atmospheric Pollution Studies (CAPS), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
J Health Pollut. 2019 Aug 22;9(23):190913. doi: 10.5696/2156-9614-9.23.190913. eCollection 2019 Sep.
Exposure to cadmium (Cd) is a global public health concern. The primary Cd exposure pathways are inhalation and ingestion. Globally, Cd production and consumption has increased, along with nickel-cadmium battery production, alloys, anticorrosive coatings, pigments, polyvinyl chloride stabilizers, semiconductors for solar cells, etc. After the end use of these elements, improper management may cause Cd pollution in different spheres of the environment and living organisms that eventually lead to adverse effects on human health.
The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the sources and routes of Cd that enter different environmental spheres, their concentrations, and describe associated human health impacts in Bangladesh.
The present study searched a total of 304 peer-reviewed articles in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database, Science Direct, Web of Science, Springer Link, BanglaJOL, and university libraries and ultimately selected 71 articles. Afterwards, the relevant findings on Cd exposure through inhalation and diet and age-based impacts (i.e., adults, women, children and infants) in Bangladesh were combined. Finally, the results were processed with a cross-tabulation technique.
The present study found that Cd concentration in the local diet and river water is within the World Health Organization and Bangladesh Standard Testing Institute guidelines.
The concentration of Cd in sediments is comparatively higher than in river water in Bangladesh. Cadmium has been found in samples of foods, including leafy and non-leafy vegetables collected from different places in Bangladesh and may ultimately enter the human body via dietary intake of these foods. Consequently, individuals may be exposed to Cd and may be suffering from long-term adverse health effects.
The comparison of concentrations in this study with national and international standards will assist with the formulation of effective pollution mitigation measures in Bangladesh.
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
镉（Cd）暴露是一个全球性的公共卫生问题。镉的主要暴露途径是吸入和摄入。在全球范围内，随着镍镉电池生产、合金、防腐涂料、颜料、聚氯乙烯稳定剂、太阳能电池半导体等的发展，镉的生产和消费量有所增加。在这些元素的最终用途结束后，管理不善可能会在环境和生物体的不同领域造成镉污染，最终对人类健康产生不利影响。
本研究的目的是证明进入不同环境领域的镉的来源和途径、其浓度，并描述在孟加拉国相关的人类健康影响。
本研究在国家生物技术信息中心数据库、科学直投、科学网、施普林格链接、孟加拉国期刊在线和大学图书馆中总共检索了304篇同行评议文章，最终选择了71篇文章。之后，汇总了孟加拉国通过吸入和饮食接触镉以及基于年龄的影响（即成年人、女性、儿童和婴儿）的相关研究结果。最后，用交叉列表技术处理结果。
本研究发现当地饮食和河水中的镉浓度在世界卫生组织和孟加拉国标准测试机构的指导范围内。
在孟加拉国，沉积物中的镉浓度相对高于河水中的镉浓度。在孟加拉国不同地方采集的包括叶菜类和非叶菜类蔬菜在内的食物样本中都发现了镉，这些食物最终可能通过饮食摄入进入人体。因此，个体可能接触镉，并可能遭受长期的不良健康影响。
本研究中浓度与国家和国际标准的比较将有助于孟加拉国制定有效的污染缓解措施。
作者声明不存在相互竞争的财务利益。
