Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Soil Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 May 10;716:137049. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137049. Epub 2020 Jan 31.
Food, including rice, is the major source of toxic element cadmium (Cd) for human exposure. Globally, many populations rely on the consumption of significant amounts of rice as a staple food. Using dietary intake and concentration of Cd, this study determines the risk posed to both adults and children due to Cd exposure from consumption of rice sold in Bangladeshi markets. Polished rice samples (n = 144) were collected from the markets of 16 districts of Bangladesh to determine the distribution, regional variability and associated health risk from Cd. The mean and median concentrations of Cd in rice were 44 μg/kg and 34 μg/kg, respectively, ranging between 1 and 180 μg/kg, dry weight. The Cd concentrations of the rice samples did not exceed the safe limit of EU/CODEX but 9% exceeded the safe limit of FSANZ (Food standards Australia New Zealand) values. Results indicated that there were significant variations of Cd among (33%) and within (67%) the districts. Some rice brands such as Najirshail, Katarivogh and Chinigura had Cd levels of 81, 70 and 68 μg/kg, respectively. Cadmium ingested on a daily basis ranged between 0.09 and 0.58 μg/kg body weight (bw) with the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for individuals varying between 1.35 × 10 and 8.7 × 10 in different districts. The age groups (2-5 yrs) and (6-10 yrs) experienced higher risks than others and both males and females were found to be susceptible from Cd exposure of rice.
食物，包括大米，是人类接触有毒元素镉（Cd）的主要来源。在全球范围内，许多人群大量依赖食用大米作为主食。本研究通过饮食摄入和 Cd 浓度来确定孟加拉国市场上销售的大米对成人和儿童的 Cd 暴露风险。从孟加拉国 16 个区的市场收集了 144 个抛光米样本，以确定 Cd 的分布、区域变异性和相关健康风险。大米中 Cd 的平均和中位数浓度分别为 44μg/kg 和 34μg/kg，范围为 1-180μg/kg，干重。大米样本中的 Cd 浓度未超过欧盟/法典委员会的安全限量，但 9%超过了澳大利亚新西兰食品标准局（FSANZ）值的安全限量。结果表明，Cd 在（33%）地区之间和（67%）地区内存在显著差异。一些大米品牌，如 Najirshail、Katarivogh 和 Chinigura，其 Cd 含量分别为 81、70 和 68μg/kg。每日摄入的 Cd 量在 0.09 到 0.58μg/kg 体重之间，不同地区个体的终身增量癌症风险（ILCR）在 1.35×10 和 8.7×10 之间变化。年龄组（2-5 岁）和（6-10 岁）的风险高于其他年龄组，男性和女性均易受到大米中 Cd 暴露的影响。
