Gabutti Giovanni, Bolognesi Niccolò, Sandri Federica, Florescu Caterina, Stefanati Armando
Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
Postgraduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
Immunotargets Ther. 2019 Aug 6;8:15-28. doi: 10.2147/ITT.S176383. eCollection 2019.
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is the etiological agent of varicella, a highly infectious, self-limiting disease with serious complications. The decline in cell-mediated immunity (CMI) that occurs with aging or immunodepression causes a reactivation of the latent VZV as herpes zoster (HZ). Prevention of VZV through varicella vaccination strategies allows to avoid the primary infection in newborns and susceptible subjects. Available monovalent and combined VZV vaccines are effective, safe and generally well tolerated. Universal varicella vaccination has significantly impacted on incidence, complications and deaths related to this disease. Prevention of HZ through vaccination is a priority to avoid the significant burden of its incidence and complications. Currently two HZ vaccines are available. The recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV), approved by the FDA in 2017 and Zoster Vaccine Live (ZVL) licensed in the United States by the FDA in 2006. The advisory committee on immunization practices (ACIP) preferentially recommends RZV. ZVL remains an option for prevention of HZ in immunocompetent adults aged ≥60 years, although the CMI tends to wane a few years after vaccination.
水痘带状疱疹病毒（VZV）是水痘的病原体，水痘是一种具有严重并发症的高度传染性自限性疾病。随着年龄增长或免疫抑制而发生的细胞介导免疫（CMI）下降会导致潜伏的VZV重新激活，引发带状疱疹（HZ）。通过水痘疫苗接种策略预防VZV可避免新生儿和易感人群的初次感染。现有的单价和联合VZV疫苗有效、安全且一般耐受性良好。普遍接种水痘疫苗对该疾病的发病率、并发症和死亡产生了重大影响。通过接种疫苗预防HZ是避免其发病率和并发症带来重大负担的优先事项。目前有两种HZ疫苗。重组带状疱疹疫苗（RZV）于2017年获得美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准，带状疱疹减毒活疫苗（ZVL）于2006年获得FDA在美国的许可。免疫实践咨询委员会（ACIP）优先推荐RZV。ZVL仍然是≥60岁免疫功能正常成年人预防HZ的一种选择，尽管接种疫苗几年后CMI往往会减弱。
