Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Technical Support Division, Cancer Hospital Unit I, National Cancer Institute Jose Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Cancer. 2020 Jan 1;126(1):156-164. doi: 10.1002/cncr.32437. Epub 2019 Sep 9.
Malnutrition in cancer is an independent factor associated with negative clinical outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition across different age groups in patients with cancer in Brazil and to identify associations with nutrition impact symptoms (NIS).
In this observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study, the authors evaluated 4783 patients with cancer aged ≥20 years who were admitted to 45 public hospitals in Brazil. Nutritional status, nutritional risk, and NIS were evaluated using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment.
More than one-fourth (25.5%) of all participants were aged ≥65 years. In patients aged ≥65 years, the prevalence of moderate/suspected and severe malnutrition was 55%, it was 45.4% in those aged 51 to 64 years, and it was 36.1% in those aged ≤50 years. Among the NIS with a higher risk of occurrence in patients aged ≥65 years were no appetite (odds ratio [OR], 1.90; 95% CI, 1.62-2.22; P < .05) and dry mouth (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.1-1.67; P < .05). In patients between ages 51 and 64 years, compared with those aged ≤50 years, the NIS with a higher risk of occurrence were no appetite (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.23-1.69; P < .05), dry mouth (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.02-1.45; P < .05), and problems with swallowing (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.25-1.96; P < .05).
The prevalence of malnutrition and the occurrence of NIS are high in hospitalized Brazilian patients aged ≥65 years who have cancer. The occurrence of NIS was higher in the population aged >50 years than in those aged ≤50 years. Nutritional screening and assessment should be performed immediately after hospitalization to enable early diagnosis and multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary intervention(s).
癌症患者营养不良是与负面临床结局相关的独立因素。本研究的目的是评估巴西癌症患者在不同年龄组中营养不良的发生率，并确定与营养影响症状（NIS）的关联。
在这项观察性、横断面、多中心研究中，作者评估了 4783 名年龄≥20 岁的患有癌症并入住巴西 45 家公立医院的患者。使用患者生成的主观整体评估来评估营养状况、营养风险和 NIS。
超过四分之一（25.5%）的参与者年龄≥65 岁。在年龄≥65 岁的患者中，中度/疑似和严重营养不良的患病率为 55%，在 51 至 64 岁的患者中为 45.4%，在≤50 岁的患者中为 36.1%。在年龄≥65 岁的患者中，发生风险较高的 NIS 包括食欲不振（比值比 [OR]，1.90；95%置信区间 [CI]，1.62-2.22；P<0.05）和口干（OR，1.40；95%CI，1.1-1.67；P<0.05）。在 51 至 64 岁的患者中，与≤50 岁的患者相比，发生风险较高的 NIS 包括食欲不振（OR，1.45；95%CI，1.23-1.69；P<0.05）、口干（OR，1.22；95%CI，1.02-1.45；P<0.05）和吞咽问题（OR，1.56；95%CI，1.25-1.96；P<0.05）。
在巴西患有癌症的≥65 岁住院患者中，营养不良的发生率和 NIS 的发生都很高。年龄>50 岁的人群 NIS 的发生率高于≤50 岁的人群。应在住院后立即进行营养筛查和评估，以便进行早期诊断和多学科或跨学科干预。
