Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Voice and Swallowing Center, Fukuoka Sanno Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
Laryngoscope. 2020 Aug;130(8):1885-1893. doi: 10.1002/lary.28284. Epub 2019 Sep 9.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of laryngeal afferent inputs on brainstem circuits that mediate and transmit swallowing activity to the orofacial musculature.
Experiments were performed on 19 arterially perfused juvenile rats. The activities of swallowing interneurons in relation to their respective motor outputs in the hypoglossal and vagus nerves were assessed during fictive swallowing with or without concurrent laryngeal sensory stimulation at intensities of 20, 40, and 60 μA.
The hypoglossal nerve activity was gradually enhanced with increasing intensity of the sensory stimulation, while the vagus nerve activity was not altered. The activities of various interneurons were modulated by the laryngeal stimulation, but more than 50% of the recorded neurons were inhibited by the stimulation. Some interneurons demonstrated no obvious change in their discharge rates with laryngeal sensory stimulation during fictive swallowing.
Laryngeal afferent inputs partially modulated the swallowing motor activity via enhanced or suppressed activities of the swallowing interneurons, while the essential motor pattern underlying the pharyngeal stage of swallowing remained basically unchanged. Thus, the output patterns of the complex sequential movements of swallowing could be basically predetermined and further adjusted according to sensory information related to the properties of the ingested food by a swallowing central pattern generator.
NA Laryngoscope, 130: 1885-1893, 2020.
本研究旨在探讨喉传入输入对介导和将吞咽活动传递到口面部肌肉的脑干回路的影响。
在 19 只动脉灌注的幼年大鼠上进行实验。在有或没有同时进行 20、40 和 60 μA 强度的喉感觉刺激的模拟吞咽期间，评估与舌下神经和迷走神经各自运动输出相关的吞咽中间神经元的活动。
随着感觉刺激强度的增加，舌下神经活动逐渐增强，而迷走神经活动没有改变。各种中间神经元的活动被喉刺激调制，但超过 50%的记录神经元被刺激抑制。一些中间神经元在模拟吞咽期间的喉感觉刺激下，其放电率没有明显变化。
喉传入输入通过增强或抑制吞咽中间神经元的活动部分调节吞咽运动活动，而吞咽咽期的基本运动模式基本保持不变。因此，吞咽的复杂顺序运动的输出模式可以基本预定，并通过吞咽中枢模式发生器根据与摄入食物特性相关的感觉信息进一步调整。
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