Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Endocr Relat Cancer. 2019 Nov;26(11):R611-R626. doi: 10.1530/ERC-19-0348.
The 3D organization of the genome within the cell nucleus has come into sharp focus over the last decade. This has largely arisen because of the application of genomic approaches that have revealed numerous levels of genomic and chromatin interactions, including topologically associated domains (TADs). The current review examines how these domains were identified, are organized, how their boundaries arise and are regulated, and how genes within TADs are coordinately regulated. There are many examples of the disruption to TAD structure in cancer and the altered regulation, structure and function of TADs are discussed in the context of hormone responsive cancers, including breast, prostate and ovarian cancer. Finally, some aspects of the statistical insight and computational skills required to interrogate TAD organization are considered and future directions discussed.
在过去的十年中,细胞内基因组的 3D 组织已经成为研究的焦点。这主要是由于基因组方法的应用,这些方法揭示了许多层次的基因组和染色质相互作用,包括拓扑相关结构域(TADs)。本综述探讨了这些结构域是如何被识别的,它们是如何组织的,它们的边界是如何产生和被调控的,以及 TAD 内的基因是如何协调调控的。在癌症中,有许多 TAD 结构被破坏的例子,并且在激素反应性癌症(包括乳腺癌、前列腺癌和卵巢癌)的背景下,讨论了 TAD 结构和功能的改变和调节。最后,考虑了研究 TAD 组织所需的统计洞察力和计算技能的一些方面,并讨论了未来的方向。