Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK.
Bioessays. 2019 Sep;41(9):e1900048. doi: 10.1002/bies.201900048. Epub 2019 Jul 1.
The organization of the genome into topologically associated domains (TADs) appears to be a fundamental process occurring across a wide range of eukaryote organisms, and it likely plays an important role in providing an architectural foundation for gene regulation. Initial studies emphasized the remarkable parallels between TAD organization in organisms as diverse as Drosophila and mammals. However, whereas CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)/cohesin loop extrusion is emerging as a key mechanism for the formation of mammalian topological domains, the genome organization in Drosophila appears to depend primarily on the partitioning of chromatin state domains. Recent work suggesting a fundamental conserved role of chromatin state in building domain architecture is discussed and insights into genome organization from recent studies in Drosophila are considered.
基因组组织成拓扑关联域（TADs）似乎是一个在广泛的真核生物中发生的基本过程，它可能在为基因调控提供结构基础方面发挥重要作用。最初的研究强调了在果蝇和哺乳动物等不同生物体中 TAD 组织之间的显著相似性。然而，虽然 CTCF/黏合蛋白环挤出正在成为形成哺乳动物拓扑结构域的关键机制，但果蝇中的基因组组织似乎主要依赖于染色质状态域的划分。本文讨论了染色质状态在构建结构域方面的基本保守作用，并考虑了来自果蝇的最新研究对基因组组织的见解。
