Gordon Rebecca K, Kotowski Ingrid K, Coulson Kari F, Link Donald, MacKenzie Alexandra, Bowling-Heyward Joyce
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Raleigh, NC, United States.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Riverdale, MD, United States.
Front Vet Sci. 2019 Aug 22;6:273. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00273. eCollection 2019.
The emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) in commercial swine in North America and growing concerns about the potential for the introduction of African swine fever (ASF) from China, the European Union, or other affected regions has put a spotlight on the possible role of contaminated feed and feed ingredients in the introduction and transmission of viral swine pathogens. This paper systematically reviews the scientific literature regarding whether non-animal origin ingredients of commercial swine feed could introduce or transmit viral pathogens of swine into or within the United States. The purpose of this review is to identify, evaluate, and summarize the relevant scientific knowledge, published through March 2018, and to identify information gaps and research needs, thereby making the available evidence more accessible to policy makers, the swine industry, and the scientific community. A total of 26 documents were selected for the final review process, which included experimental studies, case reports, epidemiological investigations, and scientific opinion, among others. The review found that the scientific literature has addressed some critical experimental questions pertaining to transmission of swine viruses via feed and feed ingredients, but the current body of scientific knowledge lacks conclusive evidence of virus contamination of non-animal origin feed ingredients of commercial swine feed, particularly for imported commodities, and further investigation into the epidemiology of virus transmission via feed to swine under field conditions through natural feeding behavior is warranted. Additional studies of how imported ingredients of commercial swine feed are sourced, processed, transported and, thus, contaminated prior to importation into the United States are needed. Moving forward, studies designed to examine the likely source(s) of contamination and subsequent virus mitigation steps in processing and post-processing may be the most fruitful focus of research.
北美商品猪群中猪流行性腹泻（PED）的出现，以及对中国、欧盟或其他受影响地区传入非洲猪瘟（ASF）可能性的日益担忧，使得受污染饲料及饲料原料在猪病毒病原体传入和传播中可能扮演的角色受到关注。本文系统回顾了关于商品猪饲料中非动物源性成分是否会将猪病毒病原体传入美国或在美国境内传播的科学文献。本综述的目的是识别、评估和总结截至2018年3月已发表的相关科学知识，找出信息空白和研究需求，从而使政策制定者、养猪业和科学界更容易获取现有证据。最终共筛选出26份文献用于综述过程，其中包括实验研究、病例报告、流行病学调查和科学意见等。综述发现，科学文献已经探讨了一些与猪病毒通过饲料和饲料原料传播相关的关键实验问题，但目前的科学知识体系缺乏确凿证据证明商品猪饲料的非动物源性成分受到病毒污染，特别是进口商品，因此有必要进一步研究在田间条件下通过自然采食行为，病毒经饲料传播给猪的流行病学情况。还需要对商品猪饲料的进口成分在进口到美国之前的来源、加工、运输以及污染情况进行更多研究。展望未来，旨在研究污染可能来源以及加工和加工后病毒缓解措施的研究可能是最有成效的研究重点。
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