Alarcón Laura Valeria, Allepuz Alberto, Mateu Enric
Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 118, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Travessera dels Turons s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
Porcine Health Manag. 2021 Jan 4;7(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s40813-020-00181-z.
The perception of the importance of animal health and its relationship with biosecurity has increased in recent years with the emergence and re-emergence of several diseases difficult to control. This is particularly evident in the case of pig farming as shown by the recent episodes of African swine fever or porcine epidemic diarrhoea. Moreover, a better biosecurity may help to improve productivity and may contribute to reducing the use of antibiotics. Biosecurity can be defined as the application of measures aimed to reduce the probability of the introduction (external biosecurity) and further spread of pathogens within the farm (internal biosecurity). Thus, the key idea is to avoid transmission, either between farms or within the farm. This implies knowledge of the epidemiology of the diseases to be avoided that is not always available, but since ways of transmission of pathogens are limited to a few, it is possible to implement effective actions even with some gaps in our knowledge on a given disease. For the effective design of a biosecurity program, veterinarians must know how diseases are transmitted, the risks and their importance, which mitigation measures are thought to be more effective and how to evaluate the biosecurity and its improvements. This review provides a source of information on external and internal biosecurity measures that reduce risks in swine production and the relationship between these measures and the epidemiology of the main diseases, as well as a description of some systems available for risk analysis and the assessment of biosecurity. Also, it reviews the factors affecting the successful application of a biosecurity plan in a pig farm.
近年来，随着几种难以控制的疾病的出现和再次出现，人们对动物健康的重要性及其与生物安全的关系的认识有所提高。这在养猪业中尤为明显，最近的非洲猪瘟或猪流行性腹泻事件就表明了这一点。此外，更好的生物安全措施可能有助于提高生产力，并可能有助于减少抗生素的使用。生物安全可以定义为旨在降低病原体引入（外部生物安全）和在农场内进一步传播（内部生物安全）可能性的措施的应用。因此，关键是要避免在农场之间或农场内部传播。这意味着要了解要避免的疾病的流行病学情况，但这种信息并不总是可得的。不过，由于病原体的传播途径有限，即使我们对某一特定疾病的了解存在一些空白，也有可能采取有效的行动。为了有效地设计生物安全计划，兽医必须知道疾病是如何传播的、风险及其重要性、哪些缓解措施被认为更有效，以及如何评估生物安全及其改进情况。本综述提供了有关降低养猪生产风险的外部和内部生物安全措施的信息来源，以及这些措施与主要疾病流行病学之间的关系，还描述了一些可用于风险分析和生物安全评估的系统。此外，它还回顾了影响养猪场生物安全计划成功实施的因素。
