Camarano Ana Amélia, Carvalho Daniele Fernandes, Kanso Solange
Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA). Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos 51/14º, Centro. 20020-010 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
Cien Saude Colet. 2019 Sep 9;24(9):3183-3192. doi: 10.1590/1413-81232018249.17452019. Print 2019 Jun 7.
Several studies show that despite a decline in mortality and improvements to health conditions, workers have left the economic activities early. The literature associates precocious exit from the labour market to the widespread coverage of Social Security. One alternative to contain the fiscal imbalance in most countries has been to postpone the minimal age to be entitled to a pension benefit. Nevertheless, many studies suggest the existence of barriers that make it difficult for older workers to remain in economic activity. Among them are prejudices among employers.This paper aims to understand the non-participation of Brazilian men aged 50-64 in economic activities. The focus on this age group is because they would be the first group to be affected by the pension reform proposed by the Government. These are those who are neither in the labour market nor retired (neither-nor). The proportion of these men of the total number of men in this age group increased from 3.5% to 10.2% between 1984 and 2015. Very low schooling and worse health conditions compared to other men can contribute to difficulties for insertion. This suggests discrimination in relation to the older worker and the lack of public policies aimed at reinforcing the ability of these individuals to obtain a job.
多项研究表明，尽管死亡率有所下降，健康状况有所改善，但劳动者过早地离开了经济活动领域。文献将劳动力市场的过早退出与社会保障的广泛覆盖联系起来。在大多数国家，控制财政失衡的一种办法是推迟领取养老金福利的最低年龄。然而，许多研究表明存在一些障碍，使老年劳动者难以继续参与经济活动。其中包括雇主的偏见。本文旨在了解50至64岁巴西男性不参与经济活动的情况。关注这个年龄组是因为他们将是受政府提议的养老金改革影响的第一组人群。这些人既不在劳动力市场，也未退休（既不……也不……）。在1984年至2015年期间，这个年龄组中这类男性占该年龄组男性总数的比例从3.5%增至10.2%。与其他男性相比，受教育程度极低以及健康状况较差可能导致他们难以融入。这表明对老年劳动者存在歧视，并且缺乏旨在增强这些人就业能力的公共政策。
