Leonesio M V
Division of Economic Research, Office of Research and Statistics, Social Security Administration.
Soc Secur Bull. 1993 Summer;56(2):47-57.
Many observers have noted that the long-term decline in labor-force participation by older Americans may reflect the evolution of social institutions that effectively discourage work. Often cited factors include employer discrimination against older workers, private pension plans that penalize continued employment, and the Social Security system. Various policies, such as eliminating Social Security's retirement test, have been proposed with a view to eliminating or lessening employment barriers. This article summarizes the economic evidence that addresses the role played by the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) programs in retirement decisions. OASI is shown to have statistically significant effects on both the timing of retirement and the amount of postretirement work; however, the influence is not large relative to the many other factors that determine the labor-supply decisions of older workers. Consequently, changes in Social Security policy of the type and magnitude that are politically feasible are unlikely to result in large changes in retirement behavior.
许多观察家指出，美国老年人劳动力参与率的长期下降可能反映了社会制度的演变，这些制度实际上不利于工作。经常被提及的因素包括雇主对老年工人的歧视、惩罚继续就业的私人养老金计划以及社会保障体系。为了消除或减少就业障碍，人们提出了各种政策，比如取消社会保障的退休测试。本文总结了关于老年和遗属保险（OASI）计划在退休决策中所起作用的经济证据。结果表明，OASI对退休时间和退休后工作时长均具有统计学上的显著影响；然而，相对于决定老年工人劳动力供给决策的许多其他因素而言，这种影响并不大。因此，在政治上可行的那种类型和规模的社会保障政策变化不太可能导致退休行为发生重大改变。
