University of Beira Interior, Management and Economics Department, Portugal; NECE-UBI, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d'Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal.
University of Beira Interior, Management and Economics Department, Portugal; NECE-UBI, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d'Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal.
J Environ Manage. 2019 Nov 15;250:109460. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109460. Epub 2019 Sep 11.
Globalization as a mechanism to connect people at distance and share knowledge has been flourishing. Simultaneously, environmental degradation has been increasing, as reflected in global warming. Through three dimensions, the economic, the social and political, and two measures, de jure and de facto, this study provides a disaggregated analysis of the effect of globalization on the critical issue of global warming for 25 European Union countries from 1990 to 2016. To emphasize globalization, the countries analysed were evaluated by two measures of globalization, de jure and de facto, resulting in their classification as high or low globalized countries de jure and de facto. Furthermore, energy consumption, economic growth and efficiency were included in an Autoregressive Distributed Lag model performed with the Driscoll-Kraay estimator. Robustness was checked using a Feasible Generalized Least Squares estimator. The results revealed that, overall, globalization increases environmental degradation, with the de jure measure having greater influence on high-globalized countries and the de facto measure having greater influence on low-globalized countries. Bearing in mind the increase in worldwide emissions driven by globalization, practices such as the relocation of polluting industries from high globalized countries should be discouraged. Incentives to harmonize global environmental restrictions could contribute to decarbonization worldwide.
全球化作为一种远距离连接人们和分享知识的机制蓬勃发展。与此同时，环境恶化也在加剧，这反映在全球变暖上。本研究通过经济、社会政治的三个维度和法律上和事实上的两个措施，对 1990 年至 2016 年期间全球化对全球变暖这一关键问题对 25 个欧盟国家的影响进行了细分分析。为了强调全球化，所分析的国家通过法律上和事实上的两个全球化措施进行了评估，结果将其分为法律上和事实上的高全球化和低全球化国家。此外，还在使用 Driscoll-Kraay 估计量的自回归分布滞后模型中纳入了能源消耗、经济增长和效率。使用可行广义最小二乘法估计量检查了稳健性。结果表明，总体而言，全球化会加剧环境恶化，法律措施对高全球化国家的影响更大，而事实上的措施对低全球化国家的影响更大。考虑到全球化带来的全球排放量的增加，应该不鼓励将污染产业从高全球化国家转移出去等做法。协调全球环境限制的激励措施可能有助于实现全球脱碳。
