Destek Mehmet Akif, Oğuz İbrahim Halil, Okumuş Nuh
Department of Economics, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey.
Department of Economics, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey.
Eval Rev. 2024 Apr;48(2):251-273. doi: 10.1177/0193841X231181747. Epub 2023 Jun 6.
The adoption of growth strategies based on foreign trade, especially in the previous century when liberal policies began to dominate, is one of the main reasons for the increase in output and indirectly for environmental concerns. On the other hand, there are complex claims about the environmental effects of liberal policies and thus of globalization. This study intends to analyze the effects of global collaborations involving 11 transition economies that have completed the transition process on the environmentally sustainable development of these nations. In this direction, the effects of financial and commercial globalization indices on carbon emissions are investigated. The distinctions of globalization are used to distinguish the consequences of the two types of globalization. In doing so, the de facto and de jure indicator distinctions of globalization are used to differentiate the consequences of two types of globalization. In addition, the effects of real GDP, energy efficiency, and use of renewable energy on environmental pollution are dissected. For the main purpose of the study, the CS-ARDL estimation technique that allows cross-sectional dependency among observed countries is used to separate the short and long-run influences of explanatory variables. In addition, CCE-MG estimator is used for robustness check. According to the empirical findings, the economic growth and increasing energy intensity increases carbon emissions, but the increase in renewable energy consumption improves environmental quality. Furthermore, trade globalization does not have a significant impact on the environment in the context of globalization. On the other hand, the increase in de facto and de jure financial globalization indices results in an increase in carbon emissions, but de jure financial globalization causes more environmental damage. The harmful impact of de jure financial globalization on environmental quality suggests that the decreasing investment restrictions and international investment agreements of transition countries have been implemented in a manner that facilitates the relocation of investments from pollution-intensive industries to these countries.
采用基于对外贸易的增长战略，尤其是在上个世纪自由主义政策开始占据主导地位时，是产出增加的主要原因之一，也间接导致了环境问题。另一方面，对于自由主义政策以及全球化的环境影响存在复杂的说法。本研究旨在分析11个已完成转型过程的转型经济体参与的全球合作对这些国家环境可持续发展的影响。在此方向上，研究了金融和商业全球化指数对碳排放的影响。利用全球化的差异来区分两种全球化的后果。具体而言，使用全球化的事实指标和法律指标差异来区分两种全球化的后果。此外，还剖析了实际国内生产总值、能源效率和可再生能源使用对环境污染的影响。为实现研究的主要目的，采用允许观察到的国家之间存在横截面依赖性的CS-ARDL估计技术来分离解释变量的短期和长期影响。此外，使用CCE-MG估计器进行稳健性检验。根据实证结果，经济增长和能源强度增加会导致碳排放增加，但可再生能源消费的增加会改善环境质量。此外，在全球化背景下，贸易全球化对环境没有显著影响。另一方面，事实和法律金融全球化指数的增加会导致碳排放增加，但法律金融全球化造成的环境破坏更大。法律金融全球化对环境质量的有害影响表明，转型国家投资限制的减少和国际投资协定的实施方式便利了污染密集型产业向这些国家转移投资。
