Institute of Public Health, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna, Nouna, Burkina Faso.
Malar J. 2019 Sep 14;18(1):311. doi: 10.1186/s12936-019-2951-3.
Malaria remains one of the most important causes of morbidity and death in sub-Saharan Africa. Along with early diagnosis and treatment of malaria cases and intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp), vector control is an important tool in the reduction of new cases. Alongside the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), targeting the vector larvae with biological larvicides, such as Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) is gaining importance as a means of reducing the number of mosquito larvae before they emerge to their adult stage. This study presents data corroborating the entomological impact of such an intervention in a rural African environment.
The study extended over 2 years and researched the impact of biological larviciding with Bti on malaria mosquitoes that were caught indoors and outdoors of houses using light traps. The achieved reductions in female Anopheles mosquitoes were calculated for two different larviciding choices using a regression model.
In villages that received selective treatment of the most productive breeding sites, the number of female Anopheles spp. dropped by 61% (95% CI 54-66%) compared to the pre-intervention period. In villages in which all breeding sites were treated, the number of female Anopheles spp. was reduced by 70% (95% CI 64-74%) compared to the pre-intervention period.
It was shown that malaria vector abundance can be dramatically reduced through larviciding of breeding habitats and that, in many geographical settings, they are a viable addition to current malaria control measures.
疟疾仍然是撒哈拉以南非洲发病率和死亡率的主要原因之一。除了疟疾病例的早期诊断和治疗以及妊娠期间的间歇性预防治疗（IPTp）外，病媒控制也是减少新发病例的重要手段。除了使用长效蚊帐（LLINs）和室内滞留喷洒（IRS）外，针对媒介幼虫的生物幼虫剂，如苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种（Bti）的使用也越来越重要，因为它可以在蚊子幼虫变成成虫之前减少其数量。本研究提供了在非洲农村环境中这种干预措施的昆虫学影响的佐证数据。
该研究持续了 2 年，研究了使用 Bti 对室内和室外诱蚊灯捕捉到的疟疾蚊子进行生物幼虫处理的影响。利用回归模型计算了两种不同幼虫处理选择对雌性按蚊的减少量。
在接受最具生产力的繁殖地选择性处理的村庄中，与干预前相比，雌性按蚊的数量减少了 61%（95%CI 54-66%）。在所有繁殖地都接受处理的村庄中，与干预前相比，雌性按蚊的数量减少了 70%（95%CI 64-74%）。
研究表明，通过对繁殖栖息地进行幼虫处理，可以显著减少疟疾媒介的丰度，在许多地理环境中，它们是当前疟疾控制措施的可行补充。
