Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, USA.
Steroids. 2019 Dec;152:108496. doi: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108496. Epub 2019 Sep 12.
Progesterone (P4) has controversial physiological effects on the regulation of the lactotroph population. While some studies have shown a negative role for P4 in prolactin secretion and lactotroph proliferation, antagonizing estradiol effects, others demonstrated a proliferative role of P4 at the pituitary level. Usually, progesterone actions in the pituitary gland were studied through their classical, genomic pathways triggered by nuclear progesterone receptors (nPRs). However, in 2003, the scene became more complex with the discovery of another group of progesterone receptors involved in rapid, non-genomic P4 effects: the membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs), which are members of the progesterone and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family. This review examines the historical background and current data on the study of progesterone actions on PRL secretion providing new evidence of P4 effects at the hypothalamic and at the pituitary level through non-classic P4-receptors. In addition, we explore the role of progesterone in the development of experimental prolactinomas, a controversial topic in the literature.
孕激素（P4）对催乳素细胞群体的调节具有有争议的生理作用。虽然一些研究表明 P4 在催乳素分泌和催乳素细胞增殖中起负作用，拮抗雌二醇的作用，但另一些研究表明 P4 在垂体水平具有增殖作用。通常，通过核孕激素受体（nPRs）触发的经典基因组途径来研究孕激素在垂体中的作用。然而，2003 年，随着发现另一组参与快速非基因组 P4 作用的孕激素受体的发现，情况变得更加复杂：膜孕激素受体（mPRs），它们是孕激素和脂联素受体（PAQR）家族的成员。本综述考察了研究孕激素对 PRL 分泌作用的历史背景和当前数据，通过非经典 P4 受体提供了 P4 在下丘脑和垂体水平作用的新证据。此外，我们探讨了孕激素在实验性催乳素瘤发展中的作用，这是文献中的一个有争议的话题。
