Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2019 Nov;76:105880. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105880. Epub 2019 Sep 12.
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) which are often referred to as immunosuppressive cells (M2 macrophage), constitute a subset of tumor microenvironment cells and affect tumor progression in solid tumors. Recently, these cells have gained remarkable importance as therapeutic candidates for solid tumors. In bladder cancer, major studies have focused on evaluating TAMs in response to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy. M2 macrophages may directly impact the BCG-induced immune responses against tumor in bladder cancer. They are the main inhibitors of the tumor microenvironment that promotes growth and metastasis of the tumor. However, the clinical significance of M2 macrophages in bladder cancer is controversial. In this review, we will discuss the clinical significance of M2 macrophages in prognosis of bladder cancer as well as worth of their potential targeting in bladder cancer treatment. In the following, we will introduce important factors resulting in M2 macrophage promotion and also experimental therapeutic agents that may cause the inhibition of bladder cancer tumor growth.
肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAMs）通常被称为免疫抑制细胞（M2 巨噬细胞），是肿瘤微环境细胞的一个子集，影响实体瘤的肿瘤进展。最近，这些细胞作为实体瘤的治疗候选物引起了人们的极大关注。在膀胱癌中，主要研究集中在评估 TAMs 对卡介苗（BCG）治疗的反应上。M2 巨噬细胞可能直接影响 BCG 诱导的膀胱癌肿瘤免疫反应。它们是肿瘤微环境的主要抑制剂，促进肿瘤的生长和转移。然而，M2 巨噬细胞在膀胱癌中的临床意义存在争议。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论 M2 巨噬细胞在膀胱癌预后中的临床意义以及在膀胱癌治疗中靶向它们的潜在价值。在下面，我们将介绍导致 M2 巨噬细胞促进的重要因素，以及可能导致膀胱癌肿瘤生长抑制的实验治疗剂。
