Ye Siqi, Mo Xiumei, Liu Junfeng, Yan Fenggen, Chen Dacan
Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2019 Aug 17;18(4):347-357. doi: 10.18502/ijaai.v18i4.1413.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, recurrent skin condition resulting from both genetic and environmental factors. In recent decades, the prevalence of AD has increased considerably in some countries. However, given that the role of genetics is unlikely to have changed over this short period, the increased prevalence is more likely to be explained by changes in environmental and maternal factors. The aim of this review is to comprehensively summarize the various factors impacting AD incidence in offspring and provide guidance for primary prevention. Recent research has demonstrated that environmental and climate factors, maternal history of allergies, gestational diabetes, and stress play essential roles in increasing the risk of AD in infants. Some factors have protective effects against the incidence of AD, including probiotic supplementation, fish intake, and moisturizers. This review also considers fundamental research into AD prevalence and factors that in the past were mistakenly thought to affect that prevalence, such as caesarean section and antigen avoidance. The potential influence of these factors on infant AD incidence remains inconclusive and needs further study. Furthermore, infants with a family history of atopic disease may benefit from early weaning or reduced breastfeeding duration.
特应性皮炎（AD）是一种由遗传和环境因素共同导致的慢性复发性皮肤病。近几十年来，AD在一些国家的患病率显著上升。然而，鉴于遗传因素在短期内不太可能发生变化，患病率的上升更可能是由环境和母体因素的变化所致。本综述的目的是全面总结影响后代AD发病率的各种因素，并为一级预防提供指导。最近的研究表明，环境和气候因素、母亲的过敏史、妊娠期糖尿病和压力在增加婴儿患AD的风险中起着重要作用。一些因素对AD的发病具有保护作用，包括补充益生菌、摄入鱼类和使用保湿剂。本综述还考虑了对AD患病率的基础研究以及过去被错误地认为会影响患病率的因素，如剖宫产和避免接触抗原。这些因素对婴儿AD发病率的潜在影响尚无定论，需要进一步研究。此外，有特应性疾病家族史的婴儿可能会从早期断奶或缩短母乳喂养时间中受益。
