Assistant Professor, Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Tau Xi and Alpha Lambda, Dean, College of Nursing, Professor of Biobehavioral and Health Science, College of Nursing, Professor of Nursing in the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
J Nurs Scholarsh. 2019 Nov;51(6):624-633. doi: 10.1111/jnu.12515. Epub 2019 Sep 16.
This review (Part II of a series on sleep disorders) presents an update of the characteristics, epidemiology, assessment, and latest management of insomnia, restless legs syndrome (Willis-Ekbom disease; RLS/WED), and narcolepsy. Insomnia, the most common sleep disorder and most prevalent of all psychological health disorders, is a problem of difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep and early morning awakenings. RLS/WED is characterized by a crawling sensation or urge to move the legs in the evening and nighttime. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that commonly results in chronic daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. Nonpharmacological management, which includes education, cognitive behavioral therapy, and complementary therapy, is used as primary or adjunctive to pharmacotherapy for the treatment of these disorders.
This narrative review utilized medical databases such as PubMed to identify relevant English-language original and systematic review articles predominantly from peer-reviewed journals from 2012 to 2019. However, as background, findings from classic articles prior to 2012 were also included.
Assessment of sleep problems, excessive sleepiness, and difficulty performing activities or being productive should be routine in the care of all patients. Utilization of behavioral interventions, including cognitive behavioral therapy, in addition to education and sleep hygiene, can promote sleep quality. Management of insomnia, RLS/WED, and narcolepsy should include helping patients adjust to treatment, managing cataplexy triggers in narcolepsy, and initiating strategies to live with chronic illness to improve quality of life.
本篇综述（睡眠障碍系列的第二部分）介绍了失眠、不宁腿综合征（Willis-Ekbom 病；RLS/WED）和发作性睡病的特征、流行病学、评估和最新治疗方法。失眠是最常见的睡眠障碍，也是所有心理健康障碍中最普遍的一种，其特征是难以入睡、维持睡眠和清晨早醒。RLS/WED 的特征是在晚上和夜间出现腿部蠕动感或移动腿部的冲动。发作性睡病是一种睡眠障碍，常导致慢性日间嗜睡和猝倒。非药物治疗，包括教育、认知行为疗法和补充疗法，被用作这些疾病的药物治疗的主要或辅助治疗。
本叙述性综述利用了医学数据库，如 PubMed，主要从 2012 年至 2019 年的同行评议期刊中确定了相关的英语原始和系统综述文章。然而，作为背景，也包括了 2012 年之前的经典文章的发现。
对睡眠问题、过度嗜睡以及进行活动或提高工作效率的困难的评估应成为所有患者护理的常规内容。除了教育和睡眠卫生外，行为干预措施的利用，包括认知行为疗法，可以促进睡眠质量。失眠、RLS/WED 和发作性睡病的管理应包括帮助患者适应治疗、管理发作性睡病中的猝倒触发因素以及启动策略以应对慢性疾病，从而提高生活质量。
