Aoyagi Yoichiro, Ohnishi Eri, Yamamoto Yoshinori, Kado Naoki, Suzuki Toshiaki, Ohnishi Hitoshi, Hokimoto Nozomi, Fukaya Naomi
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University: 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sakakibara Hakuho Hospital, Japan.
J Phys Ther Sci. 2019 Aug;31(8):687-691. doi: 10.1589/jpts.31.687. Epub 2019 Aug 9.
[Purpose] "Knowledge of results" (KR) is information about the success of an action relative to a goal. A reduced frequency of "knowledge of results" reportedly promotes motor learning more than a high frequency. However, the effect of gradually diminishing or increasing "knowledge of results" pattern has been rarely studied and is controversial. We investigated the effectiveness of diminishing "knowledge of results" pattern in motor learning. [Participants and Methods] Forty-six healthy adults were randomly assigned to either the 100% KR, 50% KR, or faded KR group. Participants were tasked with exerting 60% of their maximum voluntary contraction of their left shoulder flexion muscle in an isometric exercise. Participants practiced the task 20 times a day for 4 days. A pretest and posttest were conducted before and immediately after the acquisition, respectively. Retention tests were conducted 1 day, 1 week, and 2 weeks after the acquisition. [Results] The absolute error was significantly reduced in the posttest in the faded KR and 50% KR cohorts. However, there was no significant difference in the 100% KR group. In the faded KR subjects, the improvement effect was observed up to 1 week following acquisition. [Conclusion] Faded "knowledge of results" productively prolongs the effect of motor learning.
[目的] “结果知识”（KR）是关于相对于目标的行动成功与否的信息。据报道，较低频率的“结果知识”比高频率更能促进运动学习。然而，逐渐减少或增加“结果知识”模式的效果很少被研究且存在争议。我们研究了减少“结果知识”模式在运动学习中的有效性。[参与者与方法] 46名健康成年人被随机分配到100% KR组、50% KR组或消退KR组。参与者的任务是在等长运动中施加其左肩部屈曲肌肉最大自主收缩力的60%。参与者每天练习该任务20次，共练习4天。在习得前和习得后立即分别进行前测和后测。在习得后1天、1周和2周进行保持测试。[结果] 在消退KR组和50% KR组的后测中，绝对误差显著降低。然而，100% KR组没有显著差异。在消退KR组受试者中，在习得后长达1周都观察到了改善效果。[结论] 消退的“结果知识”有效地延长了运动学习的效果。
