Jarikre Theophilus Aghogho, Taiwo Jeremiah Olalekan, Emikpe Benjamin Obukowho, Akpavie Stephen Owarioro
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Vet World. 2019 Jul;12(7):945-950. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.945-950. Epub 2019 Jul 3.
The current vaccination for peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is stalled by myriad challenges and continuous endemicity of pneumonia due to fulminant bacterial complication in goats. The present study evaluated the protective effect of intranasal PPRV linage 1 and bacterine vaccinations.
Twelve West African Dwarf (WAD) goats aged 6 months were randomly grouped and vaccinated within 2 weeks using a combination of PPRV lineage 1 vaccine (Nig/75), and bacterin from (Mh) or intranasally. The goats were observed for 3 weeks post-vaccination before comingled with a known infected WAD goat with apparent clinical signs of peste des petits ruminants and further observed clinically for 5 weeks post-infection (PI). Blood samples were taken for hematology while sera were assayed for antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, and superoxide dismutase) activities and pro-oxidants (malondialdehyde content, reduced glutathione, hydrogen peroxide generation and myeloperoxidase) using spectrophotometric methods. Data were subjected to parametric statistics at α=0.05 using GraphPad Prism version 21.
Clinically, there were pyrexia, oculonasal discharge, diarrhea, anemia, leukopenia, and increased pro-oxidants in the unvaccinated goats, while moderate neutrophilia and leukocytosis were observed in PPRV and bacterin vaccinated goats. Two unvaccinated goats were weak and euthanized at 13 and 28 days PI. The goats vaccinated with PPRV and Mh showed better response clinically and biochemically.
The mucosal vaccination of goats with PPRV vaccine and bacterine will protect against exposure and culminate in the development of protective mucosal, humoral, and cell-mediated immune responses. This vaccination strategy will provide framework needed in the prevention and control of endemic caprine pneumonia in Nigeria.
目前小反刍兽疫病毒（PPRV）疫苗接种因诸多挑战以及山羊爆发性细菌并发症导致的肺炎持续流行而停滞不前。本研究评估了鼻内接种PPRV 1型疫苗和菌苗的保护效果。
将12只6月龄的西非矮山羊随机分组，并在2周内使用PPRV 1型疫苗（Nig/75）和来自[具体名称未给出]的菌苗进行鼻内联合接种。接种疫苗后观察山羊3周，然后与一只已知感染且有明显小反刍兽疫临床症状的西非矮山羊混群，并在感染后（PI）进一步临床观察5周。采集血液样本进行血液学检测，同时使用分光光度法检测血清中的抗氧化剂（谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽转移酶和超氧化物歧化酶）活性以及促氧化剂（丙二醛含量、还原型谷胱甘肽、过氧化氢生成量和髓过氧化物酶）。使用GraphPad Prism 21版软件，以α = 0.05进行参数统计分析数据。
临床上，未接种疫苗的山羊出现发热、眼鼻分泌物、腹泻、贫血、白细胞减少以及促氧化剂增加，而接种PPRV疫苗和菌苗的山羊出现中度嗜中性粒细胞增多和白细胞增多。两只未接种疫苗的山羊在感染后13天和28天身体虚弱并实施安乐死。接种PPRV疫苗和[具体名称未给出]菌苗的山羊在临床和生化方面表现出更好的反应。
用PPRV疫苗和菌苗对山羊进行黏膜接种可预防感染，并最终引发保护性黏膜、体液和细胞介导免疫反应的产生。这种疫苗接种策略将为尼日利亚地方性山羊肺炎的预防和控制提供所需的框架。
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