Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
TriFit Performance Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
Sports Med. 2020 Jan;50(1):25-53. doi: 10.1007/s40279-019-01185-8.
Endurance training leads to a variety of adaptations at the cellular and systemic levels that serve to minimise disruptions in whole-body homeostasis caused by exercise. These adaptations are differentially affected by training volume, training intensity, and training status, as well as by nutritional choices that can enhance or impair the response to training. A variety of supplements have been studied in the context of acute performance enhancement, but the effects of continued supplementation concurrent to endurance training programs are less well characterised. For example, supplements such as sodium bicarbonate and beta-alanine can improve endurance performance and possibly training adaptations during endurance training by affecting buffering capacity and/or allowing an increased training intensity, while antioxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E may impair training adaptations by blunting cellular signalling but appear to have little effect on performance outcomes. Additionally, limited data suggest the potential for dietary nitrate (in the form of beetroot juice), creatine, and possibly caffeine, to further enhance endurance training adaptation. Therefore, the objective of this review is to examine the impact of dietary supplements on metabolic and physiological adaptations to endurance training.
耐力训练会引起细胞和全身水平的各种适应，从而最大限度地减少运动引起的全身稳态的破坏。这些适应受训练量、训练强度和训练状态以及营养选择的影响，这些选择可以增强或削弱对训练的反应。在急性性能增强方面已经研究了各种补充剂，但与耐力训练计划同时进行的持续补充的效果特征描述得较少。例如，碳酸氢钠和β-丙氨酸等补充剂可以通过影响缓冲能力和/或允许增加训练强度来提高耐力表现和耐力训练中的适应能力，而维生素 C 和维生素 E 等抗氧化剂可能通过削弱细胞信号来损害训练适应能力，但似乎对表现结果影响不大。此外，有限的数据表明，饮食硝酸盐（以甜菜根汁的形式）、肌酸和可能的咖啡因有可能进一步增强耐力训练适应。因此，本综述的目的是研究膳食补充剂对耐力训练代谢和生理适应的影响。
