Johnson Lauren, Yao Jie, Zou Liye, Xiao Tao, Loprinzi Paul D
Exercise & Memory Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
Brain Sci. 2019 Sep 18;9(9):237. doi: 10.3390/brainsci9090237.
Mental imagery is used extensively in the sporting domain. It is used for performance-enhancement purposes, arousal regulation, affective and cognitive modification, and rehabilitation purposes. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate whether acute exercise and mental imagery of acute exercise have similar effects on cognitive performance, specifically memory function. A within-subject randomized controlled experiment was employed. Participants ( = 24; M = 21.5 years) completed two exercise-related visits (i.e., actual exercise and mental imagery of exercise), in a counterbalanced order. The acute-exercise session involved 10 min of intermittent sprints. The mental-imagery session involved a time-matched period of mental imagery. After each manipulation (i.e., acute exercise or mental imagery of acute exercise), memory was evaluated from a paired-associative learning task and a comprehensive evaluation of memory, involving spatial-temporal integration (i.e., what, where, and when aspects of memory). Bayesian analyses were computed to evaluate the effects of actual exercise and mental imagery of exercise on memory function. For the paired-associative learning task, there was moderate evidence in favor of the null hypothesis for a main effect for condition (BF = 2.85) and time by condition interaction (BF = 3.30). Similarly, there was moderate evidence in favor of the null hypothesis for overall (what-where-when) memory integration (BF = 3.37), what-loop (BF = 2.34), where-loop (BF = 3.45), and when-loop (BF = 3.46). This experiment provides moderate evidence in support of the null hypothesis. That is, there was moderate evidence to support a non-differential effect of acute exercise and mental imagery of acute exercise on memory function.
心理意象在体育领域有着广泛的应用。它被用于提高运动表现、调节唤醒水平、改变情感和认知以及康复目的。本实验的目的是评估急性运动以及急性运动的心理意象是否对认知表现，特别是记忆功能有相似的影响。采用了一项被试内随机对照实验。参与者（n = 24；平均年龄M = 21.5岁）以平衡的顺序完成了两次与运动相关的访视（即实际运动和运动的心理意象）。急性运动环节包括10分钟的间歇冲刺。心理意象环节包括与实际运动时间匹配的心理意象时段。在每次操作（即急性运动或急性运动的心理意象）后，通过配对联想学习任务和对记忆的综合评估（包括时空整合，即记忆的什么、哪里和何时方面）来评估记忆。进行贝叶斯分析以评估实际运动和运动的心理意象对记忆功能的影响。对于配对联想学习任务，有适度的证据支持条件主效应（贝叶斯因子BF = 2.85）和条件与时间交互作用的零假设（BF = 3.30）。同样，有适度的证据支持总体（什么-哪里-何时）记忆整合（BF = 3.37）、什么循环（BF = 2.34）、哪里循环（BF = 3.45）和何时循环（BF = 3.46）的零假设。本实验提供了适度的证据支持零假设。也就是说，有适度的证据支持急性运动和急性运动的心理意象对记忆功能无差异影响。
